Which parameter is responsible for commencement of the turbulent flow?...
The character of condensate film can range from laminar to highly turbulent.
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Which parameter is responsible for commencement of the turbulent flow?...
Reynolds number is responsible for the commencement of turbulent flow.
Explanation:
Turbulent flow is characterized by chaotic and irregular motion of fluid particles. It is associated with high fluid velocities and is often accompanied by the formation of eddies and vortices. On the other hand, laminar flow is characterized by smooth and orderly motion of fluid particles in parallel layers.
The transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurs when the fluid velocity exceeds a certain threshold. This threshold is determined by the Reynolds number, which is a dimensionless parameter that relates the inertial forces to the viscous forces within a fluid flow.
The Reynolds number (Re) is defined as the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces and is given by the equation:
Re = (ρVL)/μ
where:
- ρ is the density of the fluid
- V is the velocity of the fluid
- L is a characteristic length scale of the flow (such as the diameter of a pipe)
- μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid
When the Reynolds number is below a critical value, the flow is laminar. In this regime, viscous forces dominate and the fluid particles move in orderly layers. However, as the Reynolds number increases above the critical value, the flow becomes turbulent. In this regime, inertial forces become dominant, leading to the formation of eddies and vortices.
The critical Reynolds number for the transition from laminar to turbulent flow depends on various factors such as the geometry of the flow, the nature of the fluid, and the surface roughness. For example, in a smooth pipe, the transition typically occurs around a Reynolds number of 2000. However, in a rough pipe, the transition can occur at lower Reynolds numbers.
In summary, the Reynolds number is responsible for the commencement of turbulent flow. When the Reynolds number exceeds a critical value, the flow transitions from laminar to turbulent, characterized by chaotic and irregular motion of fluid particles.
Which parameter is responsible for commencement of the turbulent flow?...
B