Condensation refers to a change from the vapor to a liquid phase.

Condensation is a phase change process in which a substance changes from its gaseous state to its liquid state. This process occurs when the temperature of the vapor is lowered below its saturation point, causing the vapor molecules to lose energy and come together to form a liquid.

Explanation:

1. Phase Change Process:
Condensation is a phase change process, which means it involves the transition of a substance from one phase to another. In this case, the substance changes from the vapor phase to the liquid phase.

2. Change in Energy:
When a substance is in the vapor phase, its molecules have higher kinetic energy and are more widely spaced compared to the liquid phase. As the temperature of the vapor is lowered, the kinetic energy of the molecules decreases. This decrease in energy allows the molecules to come closer together and form bonds, resulting in the formation of a liquid.

3. Saturation Point:
The saturation point is the temperature at which the vapor is in equilibrium with its liquid phase. At this temperature, the rate of condensation is equal to the rate of evaporation, and the vapor is said to be saturated. When the temperature of the vapor is lowered below its saturation point, the excess vapor molecules condense into a liquid.

4. Formation of Liquid Droplets:
During condensation, the vapor molecules lose energy and transition into a liquid phase. This transition occurs as the vapor molecules come into close proximity and form intermolecular bonds. These bonds result in the formation of liquid droplets.

5. Examples of Condensation:
Condensation is a common phenomenon that occurs in various everyday situations. Some examples include:

- Water droplets forming on a cold glass of water on a hot day.
- Cloud formation in the atmosphere, where water vapor condenses to form tiny water droplets or ice crystals.
- The formation of dew on grass or plants during the early morning when the temperature drops.

Overall, condensation is the process by which a substance transitions from the vapor phase to the liquid phase. It occurs when the temperature of the vapor is lowered below its saturation point, causing the vapor molecules to lose energy and form bonds to become a liquid.