differentiate between primary and secondary data Related: NCERT Solutions Introduction, Class 11 Statistics for Economics?

Question

differentiate between primary and secondary data Related:  NCERT Solutions Introduction, Class 11 Statistics for Economics?

Answer

Difference between Primary and Secondary Data

Purpose of Primary and Secondary Data

Primary data is meant to assist in providing solutions to the researcher’s specific problems while secondary data may also be for other purposes.

Sequence of Primary and Secondary Data

As their names suggest, primary data comes first while secondary data comes second.

Data Gatherer

The original researcher gathers the primary data whereas the secondary data is generally collected by someone else.

Timing of Primary and Secondary Data

Primary data is collected real time. On the other hand, secondary data is retrieved from the past.

Source

Primary data are from interviews, questionnaires, experiments, observations, and similar methods. However, secondary data are from already printed or recorded sources such as censuses, government/organizational records, articles, books, websites, journals, and the like.

Duration

Primary data is generally collected longer as the information is still being uncovered and verified. On the contrary, secondary data is from already substantiated sources.

Effort

As compared to secondary data, primary data require more effort as the facts still need to go through several validation procedures.

Expenses

Most likely, primary data entails more expenses as it requires a longer period of time as well as additional efforts.

Relevance of Primary and Secondary Data

Primary data is collected due to the specific needs of the researcher whereas secondary data may or may not be that relevant.

Form

As primary data is first-hand, it is generally obtainable in its rudimentary form while secondary data is available in its already refined form.

Time-Sensitive

As compared to primary data, secondary data may not be appropriate for time-sensitive topics since previously collected information may not reflect current situations. Thus, primary data is more beneficial for issues which are only applicable or observed for a certain time.

Coverage

Since the primary investigator can only examine crude data at a certain time, secondary data has a wider coverage as it may include research from various authors at differing times.

Validity and Reliability of Primary and Secondary Data

Secondary data is more valid and reliable since it has already been re-examined and many of them have established their credibility by being published or promoted. On the other hand, primary data may still need to go through authentication and consistency verification processes.

References

Secondary data tend to have more references as it employs a substantiation of different documents from a number of sources. On the other hand, primary data is largely from the original investigator.

Preliminary Work

In collecting primary data, much preliminary work such as background information, looking for respondents, and specification of locale still needs to be done. In the case of secondary data, the initial tasks have already been completed and the available materials are already sorted and reviewed.

Answer

The data which is collected by enumerator (a person who collected data) is called primary data. This is also known as First hand data.

The data which has been collected by some other agency, they are called secondary data. This is also known as Second hand data.

Answer

Primary Data:
Primary data refers to the original data that is collected firsthand by the researcher for a specific purpose or study. It is the raw data that has not been previously published or analyzed. Primary data is gathered directly from the source through surveys, experiments, observations, or interviews. It is considered to be more reliable and accurate as it is collected specifically for the study at hand.

Characteristics of Primary Data:
1. Originality: Primary data is original and collected for the first time.
2. Accuracy: Since primary data is collected firsthand, it is generally more accurate and reliable.
3. Relevance: Primary data is collected with a specific purpose or research objective in mind, making it highly relevant to the study.
4. Time-consuming: Collecting primary data can be time-consuming as it involves designing research instruments, conducting surveys or experiments, and analyzing the data.

Methods of Collecting Primary Data:
1. Surveys: Surveys involve direct questioning of individuals or groups through questionnaires, interviews, or online forms.
2. Experiments: In experiments, researchers manipulate variables to observe the effect on the outcome.
3. Observations: Observations involve directly observing and recording behaviors or events.
4. Interviews: Interviews involve face-to-face or telephonic conversations to gather information.

Secondary Data:
Secondary data refers to the data that has been collected by someone else for a different purpose and is available in various sources such as books, government reports, websites, articles, etc. It is already processed and analyzed data that is used by researchers to gain insights or support their own research. Secondary data can provide a broader perspective as it often covers a larger population or longer time period.

Characteristics of Secondary Data:
1. Already available: Secondary data is readily available from existing sources.
2. Less time-consuming: Since secondary data is already collected and processed, it saves time compared to primary data collection.
3. Less expensive: Secondary data is generally less expensive to obtain as compared to primary data collection.
4. Potential inconsistency: There may be inconsistencies or limitations in secondary data, as it was collected for a different purpose.

Sources of Secondary Data:
1. Government Sources: Government reports, census data, and official statistics.
2. Books and Journals: Published books, research papers, and academic journals.
3. Online Databases: Online platforms providing access to various research studies and reports.
4. Private Organizations: Reports and data published by private organizations or research agencies.

Comparison between Primary and Secondary Data:
1. Originality: Primary data is original, while secondary data is already collected by someone else.
2. Reliability: Primary data is generally more reliable, as it is collected firsthand for a specific purpose.
3. Time and Cost: Primary data collection is time-consuming and expensive, while secondary data is readily available and less costly.
4. P

Answer

DATA are the raw facts and the figure.
there are two types of data
1). PRIMARY DATA are those data which are collected from its source of origin is called primary data.
2). SECONDARY DATA are those data which has been collected by someone else. these sata are collected from the organisation, government.

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