The answer is option 'A' - True.




Explanation:

The syntax analyzer, also known as the parser, is a crucial phase in the compilation process. It takes the sequence of tokens produced by the lexical analyzer and groups them into grammatical productions based on the rules defined by a formal grammar (typically a context-free grammar). The result is a parse tree that represents the syntactic structure of the source program.

The syntax analyzer performs the following tasks:

1. Tokenization: The lexical analyzer scans the source program and breaks it into individual tokens such as identifiers, keywords, literals, operators, etc. These tokens are passed to the syntax analyzer.

2. Grammar Analysis: The syntax analyzer analyzes the tokens based on the rules defined by the grammar. It checks if the tokens can be grouped into valid grammatical productions.

3. Top-down Parsing: The syntax analyzer typically uses a top-down parsing technique such as recursive descent parsing or LL parsing. It starts with the highest-level production and recursively applies the production rules to match the tokens and construct the parse tree.

4. Bottom-up Parsing: Another approach used by the syntax analyzer is bottom-up parsing, such as LR parsing or SLR parsing. It starts with the individual tokens and applies reduction rules to construct the parse tree.

5. Error Detection: The syntax analyzer also detects and reports syntax errors in the source program. It identifies invalid token sequences or violations of grammar rules.

6. Parse Tree Generation: The syntax analyzer constructs a parse tree that represents the syntactic structure of the source program. Each node in the tree corresponds to a production rule, and the leaves represent the tokens.

7. Intermediate Code Generation: In some cases, the syntax analyzer may also generate intermediate code or an abstract syntax tree (AST) as an intermediate representation of the source program.

In conclusion, the syntax analyzer groups the tokens of the source program into grammatical productions based on the rules defined by a formal grammar. This process is essential for ensuring the syntactic correctness of the source code and laying the foundation for further compilation phases like semantic analysis and code generation.