Introduction:
The process of compiling a high-level programming language code into a low-level machine code is performed by a compiler. The compiler consists of several phases that are executed sequentially. One of these phases is Syntax Analysis.

Syntax Analysis:
Syntax Analysis is the second phase of the compiler. It is also known as Parsing. The main objective of this phase is to analyze the syntactic structure of the source code and ensure that it conforms to the rules defined by the grammar of the programming language.

Steps involved in Syntax Analysis:
1. Lexical Analysis: In this step, the source code is divided into a sequence of lexemes or tokens. A token represents a meaningful unit of the programming language, such as keywords, identifiers, operators, etc.
2. Grammar Specification: The compiler uses a context-free grammar to specify the rules of the programming language. The grammar defines the valid syntax and structure of the language.
3. Top-Down Parsing: This approach starts with the top-most symbol in the grammar and tries to derive the input string by applying production rules in a top-down manner. It uses techniques such as recursive descent parsing or LL(1) parsing to construct a parse tree.
4. Bottom-Up Parsing: This approach constructs a parse tree from the bottom-up by reducing the input string to the start symbol of the grammar. Techniques like LR(0), SLR(1), LALR(1), or LR(1) parsing are used to perform bottom-up parsing.
5. Error Detection and Recovery: During the parsing process, syntax errors are detected. The compiler may either report the errors or attempt to recover from them by performing error handling techniques like panic mode recovery or error productions.

Conclusion:
Syntax Analysis is the phase of the compiler that ensures the syntactic correctness of the source code. It involves lexical analysis, grammar specification, and parsing of the input string. The output of this phase is a parse tree or an abstract syntax tree, which is then used for subsequent phases of the compiler. Hence, the correct answer is option 'B' - Second.