Valency of chlorine with respect to oxygen:

Chlorine is an element that can exhibit different valencies depending on the element it is combined with. The valency of an element is the combining capacity or the number of electrons that an atom can gain, lose, or share to attain a stable electronic configuration.

When chlorine combines with oxygen, it can have multiple valencies. The most common valencies of chlorine with respect to oxygen are -1, +1, +3, +5, and +7.

Explanation:

Chlorine can gain one electron to achieve a stable configuration similar to the nearest noble gas, argon. In this case, it attains a valency of -1. This is observed in compounds such as hydrogen chloride (HCl), where chlorine gains an electron from hydrogen to form a chloride ion (Cl-).

On the other hand, chlorine can also lose one electron to achieve stability. In this case, it attains a valency of +1. This is observed in compounds such as sodium chloride (NaCl), where chlorine loses an electron to form a chloride ion (Cl+).

Chlorine can also exhibit higher valencies when it combines with oxygen. It can have a valency of +3 in compounds such as chlorine dioxide (ClO2), where it forms a double bond with one oxygen atom and a single bond with another oxygen atom.

Furthermore, chlorine can have a valency of +5 in compounds such as chlorine pentoxide (Cl2O5), where it forms multiple bonds with oxygen atoms. In this compound, chlorine is in its highest oxidation state.

Lastly, chlorine can exhibit a valency of +7 in compounds such as chlorine heptoxide (Cl2O7), where it forms multiple bonds with oxygen atoms. This is the highest valency observed for chlorine.

Summary:

- The valency of chlorine with respect to oxygen can be -1, +1, +3, +5, or +7.
- Chlorine gains one electron to achieve a valency of -1, and it loses one electron to achieve a valency of +1.
- Higher valencies of +3, +5, and +7 are observed when chlorine combines with oxygen to form compounds such as chlorine dioxide (ClO2), chlorine pentoxide (Cl2O5), and chlorine heptoxide (Cl2O7) respectively.

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