Answer:

The physical quantity which is equal to the rate of change of momentum is force. Force is defined as the rate of change of momentum with respect to time. In other words, force is the quantity that causes an object to accelerate or decelerate.

Explanation:

Momentum:
Momentum is a physical quantity that is associated with motion. It is defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity. Mathematically, momentum (p) is given by the equation:

p = m * v

Where:
- p is the momentum of the object
- m is the mass of the object
- v is the velocity of the object

Rate of Change of Momentum:
The rate of change of momentum is the amount of change in momentum per unit time. Mathematically, it is calculated using the equation:

rate of change of momentum = change in momentum / time

This can also be written as:

rate of change of momentum = (final momentum - initial momentum) / time

Force:
Force is defined as the rate of change of momentum with respect to time. It is represented by the symbol F. Mathematically, force is given by the equation:

F = change in momentum / time

This equation shows that force is directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum. The greater the force applied to an object, the greater the change in momentum it will experience.

Impulse:
Impulse is another related concept that is equal to the change in momentum of an object. It is defined as the product of force and the time interval over which the force is applied. Mathematically, impulse (J) is given by the equation:

J = F * t

Where:
- J is the impulse
- F is the force applied
- t is the time interval over which the force is applied

Impulse is equal to the change in momentum of an object. This can be derived from the equation for force by rearranging it as:

F = change in momentum / time

Multiplying both sides of the equation by time gives:

F * t = change in momentum

Therefore, impulse is equal to the change in momentum of an object.

In conclusion, the physical quantity which is equal to the rate of change of momentum is force. Force is directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum and is defined as the product of mass and acceleration.