The Ganga river system consists of the master river Ganga and a large number of its tributaries. This systemdrains a very large area comprising the middle part of the Himalayas in the north, the northern part of the Indian Plateau in the south and the GangaPlain in-between.

Ganga River System: An Overview

The Ganga River system, also known as the Ganges River system, is one of the most significant river systems in the Indian subcontinent. It is named after the goddess Ganga, who is considered sacred by Hindus. The river system is not only a lifeline for millions of people but also plays a crucial role in the cultural, economic, and ecological aspects of India.

Key Rivers of the Ganga River System

The Ganga River system consists of several rivers, both major and minor, that originate from the Himalayas and flow through the northern plains of India. Some of the key rivers in the system include:

1. Ganga River: The Ganga, often referred to as the holy river, is the main river of the system. It originates from the Gangotri Glacier in Uttarakhand and flows through several states, including Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal, before merging with the Bay of Bengal.

2. Yamuna River: The Yamuna is the largest tributary of the Ganga and originates from the Yamunotri Glacier in Uttarakhand. It passes through several states, including Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, before joining the Ganga in Allahabad.

3. Son River: The Son is another major tributary of the Ganga. It originates from the Amarkantak Plateau in Madhya Pradesh and flows through Bihar before merging with the Ganga near Patna.

4. Ghaghara River: The Ghaghara, also known as the Karnali River, is a transboundary river that originates in Nepal and joins the Ganga in Bihar. It is the largest tributary of the Ganga in terms of water discharge.

5. Gandak River: The Gandak is another transboundary river that originates in Nepal and joins the Ganga in Bihar. It plays a crucial role in the agriculture of the region.

6. Kosi River: The Kosi, often referred to as the "Sorrow of Bihar," originates in Nepal and flows through Bihar before joining the Ganga. It is known for its ever-changing course and frequent floods.

Importance of the Ganga River System

The Ganga River system holds immense significance for various reasons:

1. Religious and Cultural Importance: The Ganga is considered sacred by Hindus, and taking a dip in its waters is believed to cleanse one's sins. Numerous religious ceremonies and festivals are held along its banks, attracting millions of devotees each year.

2. Agricultural and Irrigation: The fertile plains surrounding the Ganga and its tributaries support extensive agriculture. The river system provides water for irrigation, contributing to the agricultural productivity of the region.

3. Transportation and Trade: The Ganga River system has historically served as a major transport route, facilitating trade and commerce. It continues to be an important mode of transportation for goods and people.

4. Biodiversity and Ecology: The river system supports a diverse range of flora and fauna. It is home to several endangered species, such as the Gangetic dolphin and Gharial crocodile. The wetlands and marshes along its banks provide vital habitats