The correct answer is option 'C', August 1.

Earth Overshoot Day is an annual event that marks the date when humanity's demand for ecological resources and services exceeds what the Earth can regenerate in that year. It is a way to raise awareness about the unsustainable use of natural resources and the impact it has on the planet.

Here is a detailed explanation of Earth Overshoot Day and why it was observed on August 1:

1. What is Earth Overshoot Day?
Earth Overshoot Day, also known as Ecological Debt Day, is the day when humanity's ecological footprint exceeds the Earth's biocapacity. The ecological footprint is a measure of the resources and services used by humans, including energy, food, water, and land. Biocapacity, on the other hand, refers to the Earth's ability to regenerate those resources and absorb the waste generated.

2. Calculation of Earth Overshoot Day:
Earth Overshoot Day is calculated by the Global Footprint Network, an international research organization. They use data on resource consumption and biocapacity to determine the date. The calculation is done by dividing the Earth's biocapacity by humanity's ecological footprint and multiplying it by 365 (the number of days in a year).

3. Factors contributing to Earth Overshoot Day:
Several factors contribute to the Earth Overshoot Day occurring earlier each year. These include overconsumption of resources, deforestation, overfishing, greenhouse gas emissions, and the loss of biodiversity. The growing global population and increasing per capita consumption also play a significant role in advancing the date.

4. Trends and significance of August 1:
Over the past few decades, Earth Overshoot Day has been occurring earlier and earlier. In 1970, it fell in late December, but it has steadily moved up to August 1 in recent years. This trend highlights the urgency to address our unsustainable consumption patterns and reduce our impact on the planet. By observing Earth Overshoot Day on August 1, it serves as a reminder that we need to take action to ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.

In conclusion, Earth Overshoot Day was observed on August 1. This annual event raises awareness about the unsustainable use of natural resources and the need to reduce our ecological footprint. It serves as a reminder to take action and make sustainable choices to protect our planet.