Departmental undertakings refer to the government-owned enterprises or organizations that are established to provide essential services to the public. These undertakings are typically operated by a specific department of the government and are responsible for delivering services in various sectors such as transportation, communication, and public utilities.

Various examples of departmental undertakings include:

1. Air India: Air India is the national flag carrier airline of India and is owned by the Government of India. It operates both domestic and international flights and plays a crucial role in the transportation sector.

2. Post and Telegraph Department: The Post and Telegraph Department, also known as the Department of Posts, is responsible for providing postal and telecommunication services in India. It manages the postal network, including mail delivery, money transfer, and other related services.

3. Railway: The Indian Railways is one of the largest railway networks in the world and is owned and operated by the government. It provides passenger and freight transportation services across the country, connecting various cities, towns, and villages.

These examples demonstrate the diverse nature of departmental undertakings and their significance in delivering essential services to the public. These undertakings are typically established to ensure that crucial services such as transportation, communication, and postal services are accessible to all citizens.

Departmental undertakings are typically funded by the government and operate under specific regulations and guidelines set by the respective departments. They are accountable to the government and are expected to fulfill their mandate efficiently and effectively.

In conclusion, departmental undertakings are government-owned organizations that provide essential services to the public. Examples include Air India, the Post and Telegraph Department, and the Indian Railways. These undertakings play a vital role in various sectors and contribute to the overall development and welfare of the country.