Animals are found in particular climatic conditions due to a combination of evolutionary adaptations, ecological niche specialization, and physiological limitations.

Evolutionary adaptations: Over time, animals have evolved certain traits that allow them to survive and thrive in specific climatic conditions. These adaptations can include physical characteristics like fur or feathers for insulation or camouflage, specialized body structures for efficient thermoregulation, or behavioral adaptations for finding food and avoiding predators. For example, polar bears have thick fur and a layer of insulating blubber to survive in cold Arctic climates.

Ecological niche specialization: Animals often occupy specific ecological niches within a particular habitat. Each niche has its own set of environmental conditions, and animals that are well-suited to these conditions are more likely to survive and reproduce. This leads to the development of species that are highly adapted to specific climates. For instance, desert animals like camels have evolved the ability to conserve water and tolerate extreme heat, allowing them to survive in arid environments.

Physiological limitations: Animals have physiological limits to the range of climatic conditions they can tolerate. These limitations are determined by factors such as body size, metabolism, and reproductive strategies. For example, small-bodied animals like mice have a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, making them more susceptible to heat loss in cold climates. Similarly, animals with low metabolic rates may struggle to survive in extreme temperatures as they cannot generate sufficient energy to maintain their bodily functions.

Overall, the distribution of animals across different climatic conditions is a result of their ability to adapt, occupy specific ecological niches, and their physiological limitations in tolerating certain environmental conditions.