Component subjected to maximum total pressure: Base

Explanation:
When the tank is moving vertically, it experiences a change in acceleration due to the motion. This change in acceleration results in inertial forces acting on the fluid inside the tank. These inertial forces cause a pressure variation throughout the tank.

The pressure distribution in a fluid is influenced by the acceleration of the fluid. In the case of a vertically moving tank, the fluid at the base experiences the highest acceleration due to the upward motion. As a result, the base of the tank is subjected to the maximum total pressure.

This can be further explained by considering the pressure distribution in a fluid under vertical acceleration. When a fluid is subjected to vertical acceleration, the pressure at any point is given by the sum of hydrostatic pressure and the additional pressure due to acceleration.

The hydrostatic pressure is directly proportional to the height of the fluid column above the point. As we move upwards from the base of the tank, the height of the fluid column decreases, resulting in a decrease in hydrostatic pressure.

However, the additional pressure due to acceleration is directly proportional to the acceleration and density of the fluid. As we move upwards from the base, the acceleration experienced by the fluid decreases, resulting in a decrease in additional pressure due to acceleration.

Therefore, the total pressure at any point in the fluid is the sum of hydrostatic pressure and additional pressure due to acceleration. At the base of the tank, the decrease in hydrostatic pressure is compensated by the increase in additional pressure due to acceleration, resulting in the maximum total pressure.

Hence, the base of the tank is subjected to the maximum total pressure when the tank is moving vertically.