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The refractive index of water relative to air is 4/3 . A ray of light passing from water into air is incident at the interface at an angle of 35 degree to the normal. What angle does the refracted ray make with the normal ?
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The refractive index of water relative to air is 4/3 . A ray of light ...
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The refractive index of water relative to air is 4/3 . A ray of light ...
Explanation:

When light travels from one medium to another, it changes its direction due to the change in its speed. This phenomenon is known as refraction. The angle at which the incident ray strikes the interface between the two media is called the angle of incidence, and the angle between the refracted ray and the normal is called the angle of refraction.

Refractive Index:
The refractive index is a measure of how much a ray of light is bent when it passes from one medium to another. It is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the medium. In this case, the refractive index of water (n₁) relative to air (n₂) is given as 4/3.

Snell's Law:
Snell's Law describes the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, and the refractive indices of the two media. It is given by the formula:
n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂

Where:
n₁ = refractive index of the first medium (water)
θ₁ = angle of incidence
n₂ = refractive index of the second medium (air)
θ₂ = angle of refraction

Calculating the Angle of Refraction:
Given:
n₁ = 4/3 (refractive index of water relative to air)
θ₁ = 35° (angle of incidence)

To find the angle of refraction, we need to apply Snell's Law. Rearranging the formula, we have:
sinθ₂ = (n₁/n₂)sinθ₁

Substituting the given values:
sinθ₂ = (4/3)sin35°

Using a scientific calculator, we can evaluate the sine of the right-hand side of the equation:
sinθ₂ ≈ 0.746

To find the angle θ₂, we can take the inverse sine (or arcsine) of the value:
θ₂ ≈ arcsin(0.746)

Using a scientific calculator, we find:
θ₂ ≈ 48.2°

Therefore, the refracted ray makes an angle of approximately 48.2° with the normal.
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Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:Negative Refractive Index: One of the most fundamental phenomena in optics is refraction. When a beam of light crosses the interface between two different materials, its path is altered depending on the difference in the refractive indices of the materials. The greater the difference, the greater the refraction of the beam. For all known naturally occurring materials the refractive index assumes only positive values. But does this have to be the case?In 1967, Soviet physicist Victor Veselago hypothesized that a material with a negative refractive index could exist without violating any of the laws of physics.Veselago predicted that this remarkable material would exhibit a wide variety of new optical phenomena. However, until recently no one had found such a material and Veselago’s ideas had remained untested. Recently, meta-material samples are being tested for negative refractive index. But the experiments show significant losses and this could be an intrinsic property of negativeindex materials.Snell’s law is satisfied for the materials having a negative refractive index, but the direction of the refracted light ray is ‘mirror-imaged’ about the normal to the surface.There will be an interesting difference in image formation if a vessel is filled with “negative water” having refractive index – 1.33 instead of regular water having refractive index 1.33.Say, there is a fish in a vessel filled with negative water. The position of the fish is such that the observer cannot see it due to normal refraction since the refracted ray does not reach to his eye.But due to negative refraction, he will be able to see it since the refracted ray now reaches his eye.Q. A ray incident on normal glass and “negative glass” at an angle 60°. If the magnitude of angle of refraction in normal glass is 45° then, what will be the magnitude of angle of refraction in the “negative glass”?

Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:Negative Refractive Index: One of the most fundamental phenomena in optics is refraction. When a beam of light crosses the interface between two different materials, its path is altered depending on the difference in the refractive indices of the materials. The greater the difference, the greater the refraction of the beam. For all known naturally occurring materials the refractive index assumes only positive values. But does this have to be the case?In 1967, Soviet physicist Victor Veselago hypothesized that a material with a negative refractive index could exist without violating any of the laws of physics.Veselago predicted that this remarkable material would exhibit a wide variety of new optical phenomena. However, until recently no one had found such a material and Veselago’s ideas had remained untested. Recently, meta-material samples are being tested for negative refractive index. But the experiments show significant losses and this could be an intrinsic property of negativeindex materials.Snell’s law is satisfied for the materials having a negative refractive index, but the direction of the refracted light ray is ‘mirror-imaged’ about the normal to the surface.There will be an interesting difference in image formation if a vessel is filled with “negative water” having refractive index – 1.33 instead of regular water having refractive index 1.33.Say, there is a fish in a vessel filled with negative water. The position of the fish is such that the observer cannot see it due to normal refraction since the refracted ray does not reach to his eye.But due to negative refraction, he will be able to see it since the refracted ray now reaches his eye.Q. When the angle of incidence will be equal to angle of refraction for material having negative refraction index?

Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:Negative Refractive Index: One of the most fundamental phenomena in optics is refraction. When a beam of light crosses the interface between two different materials, its path is altered depending on the difference in the refractive indices of the materials. The greater the difference, the greater the refraction of the beam. For all known naturally occurring materials the refractive index assumes only positive values. But does this have to be the case?In 1967, Soviet physicist Victor Veselago hypothesized that a material with a negative refractive index could exist without violating any of the laws of physics.Veselago predicted that this remarkable material would exhibit a wide variety of new optical phenomena. However, until recently no one had found such a material and Veselago’s ideas had remained untested. Recently, meta-material samples are being tested for negative refractive index. But the experiments show significant losses and this could be an intrinsic property of negativeindex materials.Snell’s law is satisfied for the materials having a negative refractive index, but the direction of the refracted light ray is ‘mirror-imaged’ about the normal to the surface.There will be an interesting difference in image formation if a vessel is filled with “negative water” having refractive index – 1.33 instead of regular water having refractive index 1.33.Say, there is a fish in a vessel filled with negative water. The position of the fish is such that the observer cannot see it due to normal refraction since the refracted ray does not reach to his eye.But due to negative refraction, he will be able to see it since the refracted ray now reaches his eye.Q. Is Snell’s law applicable for negative refraction ?

Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:Negative Refractive Index: One of the most fundamental phenomena in optics is refraction. When a beam of light crosses the interface between two different materials, its path is altered depending on the difference in the refractive indices of the materials. The greater the difference, the greater the refraction of the beam. For all known naturally occurring materials the refractive index assumes only positive values. But does this have to be the case?In 1967, Soviet physicist Victor Veselago hypothesized that a material with a negative refractive index could exist without violating any of the laws of physics.Veselago predicted that this remarkable material would exhibit a wide variety of new optical phenomena. However, until recently no one had found such a material and Veselago’s ideas had remained untested. Recently, meta-material samples are being tested for negative refractive index. But the experiments show significant losses and this could be an intrinsic property of negativeindex materials.Snell’s law is satisfied for the materials having a negative refractive index, but the direction of the refracted light ray is ‘mirror-imaged’ about the normal to the surface.There will be an interesting difference in image formation if a vessel is filled with “negative water” having refractive index – 1.33 instead of regular water having refractive index 1.33.Say, there is a fish in a vessel filled with negative water. The position of the fish is such that the observer cannot see it due to normal refraction since the refracted ray does not reach to his eye.But due to negative refraction, he will be able to see it since the refracted ray now reaches his eye.Q. Which of the following is the intrinsic property of negative-index materials?

The refractive index of water relative to air is 4/3 . A ray of light passing from water into air is incident at the interface at an angle of 35 degree to the normal. What angle does the refracted ray make with the normal ?
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