Function of Cambium

The cambium is a thin layer of actively dividing cells found in the stems and roots of woody plants. It plays a crucial role in the growth and development of these plants. The primary function of the cambium is to produce new cells that contribute to secondary growth, which results in an increase in girth or thickness of the plant.

1. Production of Secondary Xylem and Phloem
The cambium is responsible for producing secondary xylem and phloem, which are important tissues for the transport of water, nutrients, and sugars within the plant. The secondary xylem, also known as wood, is produced towards the inside of the cambium, while the secondary phloem, which is responsible for conducting sugars, is produced towards the outside. This continuous production of secondary xylem and phloem contributes to the growth and structural integrity of the plant.

2. Increase in Girth or Thickness
As the cambium produces new cells towards the inside and outside, the plant undergoes secondary growth, resulting in an increase in girth or thickness. This is particularly important for woody plants such as trees, as it allows them to develop a strong and sturdy trunk or stem, enabling them to withstand external forces such as wind and gravity.

3. Formation of Annual Growth Rings
The cambium also plays a role in the formation of annual growth rings in woody plants. Each year, the cambium produces a new layer of xylem cells, forming a distinct ring. The width and characteristics of these rings can provide valuable information about the age, growth rate, and environmental conditions experienced by the plant.

4. Wound Healing and Repair
The cambium is involved in the wound healing and repair processes of woody plants. When a branch or stem is damaged, the cambium can initiate cell division to produce new cells that will eventually close the wound and restore the plant's integrity. This regenerative ability is crucial for the survival and longevity of the plant.

5. Contribution to Bark Formation
The cambium is responsible for the production of cork cells, which contribute to the formation of bark in woody plants. As the cambium continues to divide and produce new cells towards the outside, the cork cells accumulate and form a protective layer around the plant's stem or trunk. This layer helps protect the plant from external factors such as extreme temperatures, pathogens, and physical damage.

In conclusion, the cambium is a vital tissue in woody plants, responsible for the production of secondary xylem and phloem, increase in girth or thickness, formation of annual growth rings, wound healing and repair, and contribution to bark formation. Without the cambium, the growth, structural integrity, and overall survival of woody plants would be significantly compromised.