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The index node (inode) of a Unix-like file system has 12 direct, one single-indirect and one double-indirect pointers. The disk block size is 4 kB, and the disk block address is 32-bits long. The maximum possible file size is (rounded off to 1decimal place)______GB.
    Correct answer is '4'. Can you explain this answer?
    Verified Answer
    The index node (inode) of a Unix-like file system has 12 direct, one s...
    Given that
    DBS = 4kB
    DBA = 32 bits or 4B
    ∴ Number of addresses per DB = 
    ∴ Max file size 

    = 48kB + 4MB + 4GB ≈ 4GB
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    The index node (inode) of a Unix-like file system has 12 direct, one s...
    File System Structure:
    In a Unix-like file system, the index node (inode) is a data structure that stores metadata about a file. It contains information such as the file's size, ownership, permissions, timestamps, and pointers to the data blocks where the file contents are stored.

    Pointers in the Inode:
    The given file system has the following pointers in the inode:
    - 12 direct pointers: These pointers directly point to the data blocks that store the file's data. Each direct pointer can address one data block.
    - 1 single-indirect pointer: This pointer points to a data block that contains a list of direct pointers. Each direct pointer in this list can address one data block.
    - 1 double-indirect pointer: This pointer points to a data block that contains a list of single-indirect pointers. Each single-indirect pointer in this list points to a data block that contains a list of direct pointers. Each direct pointer in this nested list can address one data block.

    Disk Block Size and Address:
    The disk block size is given as 4 kB, which means each block can store 4 kilobytes (or 4 * 1024 bytes) of data. The disk block address is 32 bits long, which means it can represent 2^32 unique addresses.

    Calculating Maximum File Size:
    To calculate the maximum possible file size, we need to consider the number of pointers and the size of each block.

    Direct Pointers:
    - The inode has 12 direct pointers.
    - Each direct pointer can address one data block.
    - Since the disk block size is 4 kB, each data block can store 4 * 1024 bytes.
    - Therefore, the total data size addressable by the direct pointers is 12 * 4 * 1024 bytes.

    Single-Indirect Pointer:
    - The inode has 1 single-indirect pointer.
    - The single-indirect pointer points to a data block that contains a list of direct pointers.
    - Since the disk block size is 4 kB, the single-indirect pointer can address (4 * 1024) / 4 = 1024 direct pointers.
    - Therefore, the total data size addressable by the single-indirect pointer is 1024 * (4 * 1024) bytes.

    Double-Indirect Pointer:
    - The inode has 1 double-indirect pointer.
    - The double-indirect pointer points to a data block that contains a list of single-indirect pointers.
    - Since the disk block size is 4 kB, the double-indirect pointer can address (4 * 1024) / 4 = 1024 single-indirect pointers.
    - Each single-indirect pointer can address (4 * 1024) / 4 = 1024 direct pointers.
    - Therefore, the total data size addressable by the double-indirect pointer is 1024 * 1024 * (4 * 1024) bytes.

    Maximum File Size:
    To find the maximum possible file size, we add up the data sizes addressable by the direct pointers, single-indirect pointer, and double-indirect pointer:
    Maximum File Size = (12 * 4 * 1024) + (1024 * (4 * 1024)) + (1024 * 1024 *
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    The index node (inode) of a Unix-like file system has 12 direct, one single-indirect and one double-indirect pointers. The disk block size is 4 kB, and the disk block address is 32-bits long. The maximum possible file size is (rounded off to 1decimal place)______GB.Correct answer is '4'. Can you explain this answer?
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