The concatenation of two lists is to be performed on O (1) time. Which...
A) & B) Here it is not possble to do it in O(1) , unless we have pointer to end of one list. As we have not given that pointer, A & B are not option.
D) It is not possible to do here in O(1), because we will need to allocate memory for bigger array to hold both list & Copy it.
C) It is possible in O(1) as we can break list at any location & connect it anywhere. We don't need to traverse to end of anything here !
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The concatenation of two lists is to be performed on O (1) time. Which...
Explanation:
The concatenation of two lists refers to the operation of combining two lists into a single list. In this case, the concatenation operation needs to be performed in O(1) time, which means that the time required for the operation should be constant and independent of the size of the lists.
To achieve O(1) time complexity for concatenation, the circular doubly linked list implementation should be used. Here's why:
Singly Linked List:
A singly linked list consists of nodes where each node contains a value and a pointer to the next node. In order to concatenate two singly linked lists, we need to traverse the first list until we reach the last node, and then update the pointer of the last node to point to the head of the second list. This operation takes O(n) time, where n is the number of nodes in the first list.
Doubly Linked List:
A doubly linked list is similar to a singly linked list, but each node also contains a pointer to the previous node. While a doubly linked list allows for more efficient traversal in both directions, concatenating two doubly linked lists still requires traversing the first list until the last node, and then updating the pointers of the last node and the head of the second list. This operation also takes O(n) time.
Circular Doubly Linked List:
A circular doubly linked list is a variation of the doubly linked list where the last node points back to the first node, creating a circular structure. This circular structure allows for constant time access to both ends of the list. To concatenate two circular doubly linked lists, we simply update the pointers of the last node of the first list and the head node of the second list, without the need for traversing the entire lists. Therefore, the concatenation operation can be performed in O(1) time.
Array Implementation of List:
An array implementation of a list uses a fixed-size array to store the elements of the list. In order to concatenate two arrays, we need to create a new array with a size equal to the sum of the sizes of the two arrays, and then copy the elements from both arrays into the new array. This operation takes O(m + n) time, where m and n are the sizes of the two arrays.
Therefore, the circular doubly linked list implementation should be used to achieve O(1) time complexity for concatenation.
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