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Consider the following statements regarding a hydraulic jump:
1. There occurs a transformation of super critical flow to sub-criticalflow.  
2. The flow is uniform and pressure distribution is due to hydrostatic force before and after the jump.
3. There occurs a loss of energy due to eddy formation and turbulence.
Which of these statements are correct?
  • a)
    1, 2 and 3
  • b)
    1 and 2
  • c)
    2 and 3
  • d)
    1 and 3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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Hydraulic Jump

A hydraulic jump is a phenomenon that occurs when a rapidly flowing stream of water encounters a sudden change in channel slope, shape, or roughness. The jump appears as a rapidly moving wave that moves upstream, and it is characterized by significant changes in water depth, velocity, and pressure.

Statements

1. There occurs a transformation of supercritical flow to sub-critical flow.

This statement is correct. In a hydraulic jump, the supercritical flow upstream of the jump transforms into subcritical flow downstream of the jump. The transformation occurs due to the conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy and the dissipation of energy due to turbulence and eddy formation.

2. The flow is uniform, and pressure distribution is due to hydrostatic force before and after the jump.

This statement is incorrect. The flow before the jump is supercritical, and the pressure distribution is non-uniform and non-hydrostatic. However, after the jump, the flow is subcritical, and the pressure distribution becomes more uniform and hydrostatic.

3. There occurs a loss of energy due to eddy formation and turbulence.

This statement is correct. A hydraulic jump results in a significant loss of energy due to the formation of eddies and turbulence. The energy loss is proportional to the jump's height and is an important consideration in hydraulic engineering applications.

Conclusion

Therefore, statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct, and the correct answer is option 'A.' A hydraulic jump is an important phenomenon in hydraulic engineering and can have significant impacts on river morphology, sediment transport, and water quality.
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Consider the following statements regarding a hydraulic jump:1. There occurs a transformation of super critical flow to sub-criticalflow.2. The flow is uniform and pressure distribution is due to hydrostatic force before and after the jump.3. There occurs a loss of energy due to eddy formation and turbulence.Which of these statements are correct?a)1, 2 and 3b)1 and 2c)2 and 3d)1 and 3Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Question Description
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