Surface irrigation methods for crops like potato and sugar-beets

The commonly adopted method of surface irrigation for crops like potato and sugar-beets is furrow irrigation.

Explanation:

1. Furrow Irrigation:
Furrow irrigation is a surface irrigation method where water is applied to the field through small channels or furrows that are created between crop rows. This method is commonly used for row crops like potato and sugar-beets.

Advantages of Furrow Irrigation:
- Water Efficiency: Furrow irrigation allows for better control of water distribution, reducing water wastage and increasing water use efficiency.
- Uniformity: It provides reasonably uniform water distribution along the furrows, ensuring that each plant receives an adequate amount of water.
- Weed Control: Furrow irrigation helps in reducing weed growth as water is applied only in the furrows and not on the entire field.
- Nutrient Management: It allows for the efficient application of fertilizers and nutrients through the irrigation water, promoting better nutrient uptake by the plants.

2. Free Flooding:
Free flooding is a surface irrigation method where water is directly applied to the entire field, allowing it to flood the entire surface. This method is not commonly used for crops like potato and sugar-beets as it may lead to waterlogging and increased susceptibility to diseases.

3. Basin Flooding:
Basin flooding is a surface irrigation method where water is applied to the field as a controlled flood, creating small basins or depressions. This method is not commonly used for crops like potato and sugar-beets as it may lead to waterlogging and decreased aeration of the root zone.

4. Check Flooding:
Check flooding is a surface irrigation method where water is applied to the field by creating small check basins or terraces. This method is not commonly used for crops like potato and sugar-beets as it may not provide uniform water distribution and may result in water wastage.

Therefore, the commonly adopted method of surface irrigation for crops like potato and sugar-beets is furrow irrigation. This method provides better water efficiency, uniform water distribution, and allows for effective weed control and nutrient management.