Consider the following statements regarding condensation heattransfer1...
Condensation Heat Transfer
1. For a single tube, horizontal position is preferred over vertical position for better heat transfer.In condensation heat transfer, the position of the tube plays a significant role in the heat transfer process. It is generally observed that a horizontal position provides better heat transfer compared to a vertical position. This is because in a horizontal position, the liquid film formed during condensation flows downwards due to gravity, which helps in maintaining a continuous and thin film. This thin film allows for efficient heat transfer between the vapor and the tube surface. On the other hand, in a vertical position, the liquid film tends to accumulate and form thicker layers, reducing the heat transfer coefficient.
2. Heat transfer coefficient decreases if the vapor stream moves at high velocity.The heat transfer coefficient is a measure of the rate of heat transfer per unit area. In condensation heat transfer, when the vapor stream moves at high velocity, it creates turbulence and disturbs the condensate film on the tube surface. This results in a decrease in the effective heat transfer area and an increase in the thickness of the condensate film. Both of these factors contribute to a decrease in the heat transfer coefficient.
3. Condensation of steam on an oily surface is dropwise.When steam condenses on a surface, it can occur in two different modes - filmwise or dropwise condensation. In filmwise condensation, a continuous liquid film forms on the surface, while in dropwise condensation, discrete liquid droplets form. In the case of an oily surface, the condensation of steam is more likely to occur in the dropwise mode. This is because the presence of oil on the surface reduces the surface tension, promoting the formation of individual droplets instead of a continuous film.
4. Condensation of pure benzene vapor is always dropwise.The condensation mode for a particular vapor depends on various factors such as surface properties, vapor properties, and operating conditions. While it is true that certain vapors tend to exhibit dropwise condensation more readily than others, it cannot be generalized that the condensation of pure benzene vapor is always dropwise. The mode of condensation for benzene vapor can vary depending on the specific conditions and surface properties. Filmwise condensation can also occur for pure benzene vapor under certain circumstances.
Conclusion:Based on the statements mentioned, we can conclude that options 1 and 3 are correct. In general, a horizontal position is preferred for better heat transfer in condensation, and condensation on an oily surface tends to occur in the dropwise mode. However, option 2 is incorrect as the heat transfer coefficient decreases at high vapor velocities, and option 4 is incorrect as the condensation mode for pure benzene vapor can vary.