Civil Engineering (CE) Exam > Civil Engineering (CE) Questions > As applied to staff readings, the corrections...
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As applied to staff readings, the corrections for curvature and refraction are respectively
- a)+ and -
- b)- and +
- c)+ and +
- d)- and -
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
As applied to staff readings, the corrections for curvature and refrac...
The curvature increases the staff reading, hence its correction is negative. The rays of light when passing through atmosphere bend down and follows a curved path, hence correction is positive.
Correction due to curvature = -0.0785D2
Correction due to refraction = 0.0112D2
Combined correction = -0.0673D2
Most Upvoted Answer
As applied to staff readings, the corrections for curvature and refrac...
Corrections for Curvature and Refraction in Staff Readings
Correction for Curvature
- The correction for curvature is done to compensate for the effect of the earth's curvature on the staff readings.
- The earth's surface is not perfectly flat, so the line of sight between the observer and the staff is curved.
- This causes the staff readings to be higher than they should be, especially over long distances.
- The correction for curvature is a subtractive correction, which means that it reduces the observed staff readings.
- The correction formula for curvature is given by: Correction = (D/2R)^2 x 100, where D is the distance between the observer and the staff, R is the radius of the earth, and 100 is a conversion factor.
Correction for Refraction
- The correction for refraction is done to compensate for the bending of light rays as they pass through the earth's atmosphere.
- The atmosphere has varying densities and temperatures, which cause the light rays to bend and follow a curved path.
- This causes the staff readings to be lower than they should be, especially over long distances.
- The correction for refraction is an additive correction, which means that it increases the observed staff readings.
- The correction formula for refraction is given by: Correction = (0.13t/D) x 100, where t is the air temperature in degrees Celsius and D is the distance between the observer and the staff.
Correct Answer: Option B
- Option B states that the corrections for curvature and refraction are respectively - and +.
- This means that the correction for curvature is subtractive and the correction for refraction is additive.
- This is the correct combination of signs for the two corrections.
Correction for Curvature
- The correction for curvature is done to compensate for the effect of the earth's curvature on the staff readings.
- The earth's surface is not perfectly flat, so the line of sight between the observer and the staff is curved.
- This causes the staff readings to be higher than they should be, especially over long distances.
- The correction for curvature is a subtractive correction, which means that it reduces the observed staff readings.
- The correction formula for curvature is given by: Correction = (D/2R)^2 x 100, where D is the distance between the observer and the staff, R is the radius of the earth, and 100 is a conversion factor.
Correction for Refraction
- The correction for refraction is done to compensate for the bending of light rays as they pass through the earth's atmosphere.
- The atmosphere has varying densities and temperatures, which cause the light rays to bend and follow a curved path.
- This causes the staff readings to be lower than they should be, especially over long distances.
- The correction for refraction is an additive correction, which means that it increases the observed staff readings.
- The correction formula for refraction is given by: Correction = (0.13t/D) x 100, where t is the air temperature in degrees Celsius and D is the distance between the observer and the staff.
Correct Answer: Option B
- Option B states that the corrections for curvature and refraction are respectively - and +.
- This means that the correction for curvature is subtractive and the correction for refraction is additive.
- This is the correct combination of signs for the two corrections.
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As applied to staff readings, the corrections for curvature and refraction are respectivelya)+ and -b)- and +c)+ and +d)- and -Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for Civil Engineering (CE) 2025 is part of Civil Engineering (CE) preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Civil Engineering (CE) exam syllabus. Information about As applied to staff readings, the corrections for curvature and refraction are respectivelya)+ and -b)- and +c)+ and +d)- and -Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Civil Engineering (CE) 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for As applied to staff readings, the corrections for curvature and refraction are respectivelya)+ and -b)- and +c)+ and +d)- and -Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
As applied to staff readings, the corrections for curvature and refraction are respectivelya)+ and -b)- and +c)+ and +d)- and -Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for Civil Engineering (CE) 2025 is part of Civil Engineering (CE) preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Civil Engineering (CE) exam syllabus. Information about As applied to staff readings, the corrections for curvature and refraction are respectivelya)+ and -b)- and +c)+ and +d)- and -Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Civil Engineering (CE) 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for As applied to staff readings, the corrections for curvature and refraction are respectivelya)+ and -b)- and +c)+ and +d)- and -Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
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