Identify the interhalogen compound with zero dipole moment,a)ICl3b)BrF5c)IF7d)IF5Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Interhalogen Compounds

Interhalogen compounds are compounds that are formed between two different halogen atoms. These compounds are highly reactive and have diverse chemical properties. The interhalogen compounds are named based on the halogens present, such as ICl, BrF, and IF.

Dipole Moment

Dipole moment is a measure of the polarity of a chemical bond or a molecule. It is a vector quantity that indicates the separation of positive and negative charges within a molecule. A molecule with a non-zero dipole moment is polar, while a molecule with a zero dipole moment is nonpolar.

Identification of the Compound

To identify the interhalogen compound with zero dipole moment, we need to examine the electronegativity difference between the halogens in each compound. The greater the electronegativity difference, the more polar the bond and the higher the dipole moment.

Let's analyze each option:

a) ICl3
ICl3 is an interhalogen compound formed between iodine (electronegativity 2.66) and chlorine (electronegativity 3.16). The electronegativity difference between iodine and chlorine is 0.5, which indicates a polar bond. Therefore, ICl3 has a non-zero dipole moment and is not the correct answer.

b) BrF5
BrF5 is an interhalogen compound formed between bromine (electronegativity 2.96) and fluorine (electronegativity 3.98). The electronegativity difference between bromine and fluorine is 1.02, which indicates a polar bond. Therefore, BrF5 has a non-zero dipole moment and is not the correct answer.

c) IF7
IF7 is an interhalogen compound formed between iodine (electronegativity 2.66) and fluorine (electronegativity 3.98). The electronegativity difference between iodine and fluorine is 1.32, which indicates a polar bond. However, IF7 has a symmetrical structure with seven fluorine atoms surrounding the central iodine atom. The polar bonds cancel out each other due to the symmetry, resulting in a zero dipole moment. Therefore, IF7 is the correct answer.

d) IF5
IF5 is an interhalogen compound formed between iodine (electronegativity 2.66) and fluorine (electronegativity 3.98). The electronegativity difference between iodine and fluorine is 1.32, which indicates a polar bond. However, IF5 has an asymmetrical structure with five fluorine atoms and one lone pair of electrons on the central iodine atom. The presence of the lone pair of electrons gives rise to a net dipole moment, making IF5 polar and not the correct answer.

Therefore, the interhalogen compound with zero dipole moment is IF7 (option C).

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