To whom the president has to submit his resignation?

The correct answer is option 'A' - Vice President.

The resignation process of a president varies depending on the country and its constitution. However, in India, the president has to submit his resignation to the Vice President. Let's delve into the details of this process:

1. President's resignation:
- The president of India holds the highest constitutional position in the country.
- If the president wishes to resign from his position, he must submit a written resignation letter.

2. Submission to the Vice President:
- According to Article 56 of the Indian Constitution, the resignation letter is to be addressed to the Vice President of India.
- The Vice President is the second-highest constitutional position in the country and serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India.

3. Acceptance of resignation:
- The Vice President, upon receiving the resignation letter, is responsible for forwarding it to the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament.
- The Speaker is then tasked with announcing the resignation in the Lok Sabha.

4. Procedure for resignation acceptance:
- The Speaker takes the resignation letter into consideration and verifies its authenticity.
- If the resignation is found to be in order, the Speaker announces it in the Lok Sabha.
- The resignation becomes effective from the date it is accepted by the Speaker.

It's worth noting that the president's resignation is a significant event and can impact the functioning of the government. Therefore, the resignation process is designed to ensure proper communication and adherence to constitutional procedures.

In conclusion, when the president of India wishes to resign, he must submit his resignation to the Vice President. The Vice President then forwards the resignation letter to the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, who ultimately accepts and announces the resignation.