Option 1 is the answer.... due to differential absorption of ink in mobile phase ... this happens

Ink Separation Using Stationary and Mobile Phase

Ink separation is a process that involves separating the components of ink, such as red and blue ink, using a stationary and mobile phase. This process is based on the principle that different components have different affinities towards the stationary phase, which allows for their separation.

Stationary and Mobile Phase

In the ink separation process, the stationary phase refers to a solid material or a liquid that is immobilized on a solid support, while the mobile phase refers to a liquid or a gas that moves through the stationary phase. The stationary phase can be a paper, a thin layer of silica gel, or a column packed with solid particles.

Mechanism of Ink Separation

1. Distribution of Components: When an ink sample is applied on the stationary phase, the components of the ink, such as the red and blue components, are distributed between the stationary and mobile phase.

2. Selective Retention: The paper used as the stationary phase selectively retains different components based on their interactions with the paper. This selective retention is influenced by factors such as the size, shape, and polarity of the ink components.

3. Difference in Particle Interaction: The ink components interact differently with the particles present in the stationary phase. For example, if the red ink component has a higher affinity for the paper particles compared to the blue ink component, it will be retained more strongly, leading to slower migration.

4. Migrating Rates: As the mobile phase moves through the stationary phase, the ink components with different affinities towards the paper particles will migrate at different rates. The component with a higher affinity will migrate slower, while the component with a lower affinity will migrate faster.

5. Separation of Components: Over time, as the mobile phase continues to move through the stationary phase, the ink components will separate into distinct bands or spots. The distance traveled by each component can be measured and used to determine the relative amounts of each component present in the ink sample.

Conclusion

Ink separation using a stationary and mobile phase is a technique that exploits the differential interactions between ink components and the stationary phase materials. By selectively retaining different components, the ink components can be separated and analyzed. This technique is widely used in various applications, such as forensic analysis, quality control, and chromatography.