Carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) is a crucial parameter in satellite communication as it determines the quality and reliability of the received signal. The C/N ratio represents the ratio of the power of the received carrier signal to the power of the background noise or interference present in the communication channel. Several factors contribute to the C/N ratio, including bandwidth, free space loss, and radiated power.

1. Bandwidth:
Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies used for transmitting the signal. In satellite communication, a wider bandwidth allows for a higher data transfer rate and better signal quality. A larger bandwidth means that more signal power can be transmitted, resulting in a higher carrier power. As a result, the C/N ratio increases.

2. Free Space Loss:
Free space loss refers to the loss of signal power as it propagates through space. As the signal travels from the satellite to the receiver, it experiences attenuation due to distance. The power of the signal decreases with increasing distance, resulting in a lower carrier power at the receiver. Consequently, the C/N ratio decreases.

3. Radiated Power:
Radiated power is the power transmitted by the satellite's antenna. A higher radiated power means a stronger carrier signal reaching the receiver. With a stronger carrier signal, the C/N ratio improves.

Considering the above factors, it is clear that all of them contribute to the carrier-to-noise ratio in satellite communication. By increasing the bandwidth, reducing free space loss, and maximizing the radiated power, the C/N ratio can be improved, leading to better signal quality and reliable communication.

In conclusion, the carrier-to-noise ratio in satellite communication depends on the bandwidth, free space loss, and radiated power. These factors collectively determine the signal quality and reliability in satellite communication systems.