Principles of Management Contributed by F.W. Taylor

1. Scientific Management:
- F.W. Taylor developed the concept of scientific management, which emphasizes the use of scientific methods to analyze work processes and improve efficiency.
- This principle focuses on finding the best way to perform tasks through scientific study and experimentation.
- Taylor believed that by scientifically determining the most efficient methods of working, productivity and profitability could be maximized.

2. Division of Labor:
- Taylor advocated for the division of labor, where tasks are broken down into smaller, specialized components.
- This allows employees to become experts in their specific roles, leading to increased efficiency and productivity.
- Taylor recommended that managers assign specific tasks to workers based on their skills and abilities.

3. Time and Motion Studies:
- Taylor introduced time and motion studies to identify the most efficient ways of performing tasks.
- By observing and analyzing the movements of workers, unnecessary motions and inefficiencies can be eliminated.
- This leads to the development of standardized work methods and the reduction of wasted time and effort.

4. Selecting and Training Workers:
- Taylor emphasized the importance of selecting and training workers to perform their tasks efficiently.
- Managers should carefully select individuals who possess the necessary skills and abilities for the job.
- Training should be provided to ensure that workers understand and can perform their tasks in the most efficient manner.

5. Performance-Based Incentives:
- Taylor believed in providing incentives to motivate workers to increase productivity.
- He proposed a system of piece-rate pay, where workers are compensated based on the number of units produced or tasks completed.
- Incentives encourage employees to work harder and achieve higher levels of productivity.

6. Cooperation between Management and Workers:
- Taylor stressed the importance of cooperation between management and workers.
- He believed that management should work closely with employees to ensure that they have the necessary resources, tools, and training to perform at their best.
- By fostering a collaborative environment, both management and workers can contribute to the overall success of the organization.

Conclusion:
F.W. Taylor's principles of management revolutionized the way organizations approach work processes and employee management. His scientific management principles promote efficiency, productivity, and cooperation between management and workers. By applying these principles, organizations can optimize their operations and achieve higher levels of performance and profitability.

Frederick Taylor used his engineering background to develop his scientific management theory. He believed that the use of engineering principles would lead to a reduction of waste and an increase in production and efficiency that would benefit not only the business but employees and society in general.