The mandates established by the 1838 treaty promoting a greater amount of control for Native American nations over the use of river water flowing through their reservations arrived too late for the Apache tribes living in New Mexico, who had already been displaced from their lands by the time the treaty was finalized.a)flowing through their reservations arrived too late for the Apache tribes living in New Mexico, who had already been displaced b)that flowed through their reservations had arrived too late for the Apache tribes who had lived in New Mexico, displacing themc)that flowed through their reservations had arrived too late for the Apache tribes living in New Mexico, who were already displacedd)that flowed through their reservations arriving too late for the Apache tribes who had lived in New Mexico, displacing theme)flowing through their reservations, which arrived too late for the Apache tribes living in New Mexico, who had already been displacedCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

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GMAT Exam > GMAT Questions > The mandates established by the 1838 treaty p...

a)
flowing through their reservations arrived too late for the Apache tribes living in New Mexico, who had already been displaced
b)
that flowed through their reservations had arrived too late for the Apache tribes who had lived in New Mexico, displacing them
c)
that flowed through their reservations had arrived too late for the Apache tribes living in New Mexico, who were already displaced
d)
that flowed through their reservations arriving too late for the Apache tribes who had lived in New Mexico, displacing them
e)
flowing through their reservations, which arrived too late for the Apache tribes living in New Mexico, who had already been displaced

Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

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The mandates established by the 1838 treaty promoting a greater amount...

Meaning Analysis

The mandates
- established by the 1838 treaty

v promoting a greater amount of control for Native American nations over the use of river water

ü flowing through their reservations

arrived too late for the Apache tribes living in New Mexico,
- who had already been displaced from their lands
  - by the time the treaty was finalized.

The sentence presents a historical fact. A treaty was made in 1838. This treaty promoted more control for Native American nations over the use of river water that flowed through their reservations. The mandates of this treaty arrived too late for the Apache tribes who lived in New Mexico. They had already been displaced from their lands by the time the treaty was finalized.

Error Analysis

1) Use of the simple past tense verb “arrived” is correct as this action took place in the past. According to the sentence, the Apache tribes were first displaced and then the treaty was finalized. Hence, use of the past perfect tense verb for the earlier event “had been displaced” and the simple past tense verb for the later event “was finalized” is correct.

2) All the modifiers are worded and placed correctly to clearly convey the intended meaning of the sentence. The verb-ing modifier “flowing” correctly modifies the preceding noun entity “river water” and the relative pronoun modifier “who” correctly modifies “Apache tribes living in New Mexico”.

3) There are no errors in this sentence.

Answer Choices

flowing through their reservations arrived too late for the Apache tribes living in New Mexico, who had already been displaced

Correct: As found in the error analysis, this choice has no errors.

that flowed through their reservations had arrived too late for the Apache tribes who had lived in New Mexico, displacing them

Incorrect:

1) Use of past perfect tense for both verbs – arrived and displaced - is incorrect because there is no related past event that has any bearing on these two actions.

2) The comma + verb-ing modifier “displacing” modifies the preceding clause, suggesting that the fact that the mandates of the treaty arrived too late for the Apaches was the reason that the Apache tribes were displaced. This is certainly not the intended meaning of the sentence.

that flowed through their reservations had arrived too late for the Apache tribes living in New Mexico, who were already displaced

Incorrect:

Like Choice B, this choice incorrectly uses the past perfect tense verb “had arrived”.

that flowed through their reservations arriving too late for the Apache tribes who had lived in New Mexico, displacing them

Incorrect:

1) There is no verb for the subject “the mandates.”

2) The verb-ing modifier “arriving” now illogically modifies the preceding noun entity “reservations”, suggesting that the reservations arrived late.

3) It also repeats the comma + verb-ing modifier error of Choice B.

flowing through their reservations, which arrived too late for the Apache tribes living in New Mexico, who had already been displaced

Incorrect:

1) There is no verb for the subject “the mandates”.

2) Also, the relative pronoun modifier “which” seems to modify the preceding noun entity “reservations”. It should refer to “the mandates.”

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The mandates established by the 1838 treaty promoting a greater amount of control for Native American nations over the use of river water flowing through their reservations arrived too late for the Apache tribes living in New Mexico, who had already been displaced from their lands by the time the treaty was finalized.a)flowing through their reservations arrived too late for the Apache tribes living in New Mexico, who had already been displaced b)that flowed through their reservations had arrived too late for the Apache tribes who had lived in New Mexico, displacing themc)that flowed through their reservations had arrived too late for the Apache tribes living in New Mexico, who were already displacedd)that flowed through their reservations arriving too late for the Apache tribes who had lived in New Mexico, displacing theme)flowing through their reservations, which arrived too late for the Apache tribes living in New Mexico, who had already been displacedCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

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