Decantation

Decantation is a process used to separate a mixture of liquids or a liquid and a solid. It involves carefully pouring the clear liquid from the top of the mixture into another container, while leaving the settled impurities or solids behind.

Procedure:

1. Settling: Initially, a mixture is prepared in a jar or container by adding two or more liquids or a solid and a liquid. The mixture is then left undisturbed for some time. During this time, the heavier particles or impurities settle down at the bottom of the jar, while the clear liquid remains on top.

2. Pouring: After the settling period, a second empty jar is taken. Carefully, the clear liquid from the top of the first jar is poured into the second jar. It is important to pour the liquid slowly and steadily to avoid disturbing the settled impurities at the bottom.

3. Separation: As the clear liquid is poured into the second jar, the settled impurities or solids are left behind in the first jar. This process allows for the separation of the clear liquid from the impurities.

4. Collecting the clear liquid: The clear liquid collected in the second jar is now free from impurities and can be used or stored as required.

Comparison with other processes:

- Filtration: Filtration is a process that uses a filter to separate a solid from a liquid or a mixture of solids from a liquid. It is effective in removing larger particles but may not be suitable for separating smaller particles or dissolved impurities. In the given scenario, decantation is more appropriate as it allows the separation of liquids without the need for a filter.

- Evaporation: Evaporation involves heating a liquid to convert it into a gas, leaving behind the solid or dissolved impurities. It is not applicable in this scenario as the goal is to separate the clear liquid from impurities without changing its state.

- Condensation: Condensation is the opposite of evaporation, where a gas is cooled to convert it back into a liquid. It is not relevant in this context as it does not involve the separation of a mixture.

In conclusion, the process described in the question is decantation. It involves allowing the mixture to settle, pouring the clear liquid into another container, and leaving behind the impurities or solids. This method is effective for separating liquids without the need for a filter or changing the state of the substances.

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