J.B. Dunlop, a Scottish inventor, is credited with inventing the pneumatic rubber tire, which revolutionized the world of transportation.

Background:
At the end of the 19th century, most vehicles, including bicycles and automobiles, used solid rubber tires. These tires provided a bumpy and uncomfortable ride due to their rigid structure. The need for a more comfortable and efficient tire became apparent.

Invention of the Pneumatic Rubber Tire:
In 1888, John Boyd Dunlop, a veterinary surgeon based in Belfast, was seeking a solution to make his son's tricycle rides more comfortable. He came up with the idea of a tire filled with air to provide a cushioning effect. Dunlop experimented with different materials and designs, eventually creating the first practical pneumatic rubber tire.

Key Features of the Pneumatic Rubber Tire:
The pneumatic rubber tire invented by Dunlop had several key features that made it a significant innovation:

1. Air-filled Design: The tire was filled with air, which acted as a cushion and reduced the impact of bumps and irregularities on the road surface.

2. Increased Comfort: The air-filled tire provided a smoother and more comfortable ride compared to solid rubber tires, leading to reduced fatigue for the riders.

3. Improved Traction: The increased contact area between the tire and the road surface improved traction, allowing for better handling and control of vehicles.

4. Enhanced Efficiency: The cushioning effect of the pneumatic tire reduced rolling resistance, resulting in improved fuel efficiency for automobiles and reduced effort for cyclists.

Impact and Significance:
The invention of the pneumatic rubber tire by J.B. Dunlop had a profound impact on transportation. Here are some of its significant effects:

1. Comfortable Rides: The invention greatly improved the comfort of bicycles, motorcycles, and automobiles, making transportation more enjoyable for the riders.

2. Better Handling and Control: The increased traction provided by the pneumatic tire allowed for better handling and control of vehicles, improving safety on the roads.

3. Fuel Efficiency: The reduced rolling resistance of the tire led to improved fuel efficiency for automobiles, contributing to cost savings and environmental benefits.

4. Expansion of the Automotive Industry: The invention of the pneumatic tire played a crucial role in the growth and development of the automotive industry, as it made automobiles more practical and appealing for everyday use.

In conclusion, J.B. Dunlop's invention of the pneumatic rubber tire revolutionized transportation by providing a more comfortable ride, better handling, improved fuel efficiency, and contributing to the growth of the automotive industry.