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If a problem can be solved by combining optimal solutions to non-overlapping problems, the strategy is called _____________
  • a)
    Dynamic programming
  • b)
    Greedy
  • c)
    Divide and conquer
  • d)
    Recursion
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
If a problem can be solved by combining optimal solutions to non-overl...
In divide and conquer, the problem is divided into smaller non-overlapping subproblems and an optimal solution for each of the subproblems is found. The optimal solutions are then combined to get a global optimal solution. For example, mergesort uses divide and conquer strategy.
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If a problem can be solved by combining optimal solutions to non-overl...

Divide and conquer is a problem-solving strategy that involves breaking a problem into smaller subproblems, solving each subproblem independently, and then combining the solutions to the subproblems to obtain the solution to the original problem. This approach is especially useful when the problem can be divided into non-overlapping subproblems and the optimal solutions to these subproblems can be combined to solve the original problem.

Algorithm:
1. Divide the problem into smaller subproblems.
2. Solve each subproblem independently.
3. Combine the solutions to the subproblems to obtain the solution to the original problem.

Example:


Suppose we have a problem of finding the maximum element in an array. We can divide the array into two halves, find the maximum element in each half, and then compare the two maximum elements to find the overall maximum.

Here is the algorithm for finding the maximum element using the divide and conquer strategy:
1. If the array has only one element, return that element.
2. Divide the array into two halves.
3. Recursively find the maximum element in each half.
4. Compare the two maximum elements and return the larger one.

By dividing the problem into smaller subproblems and finding the maximum element in each subproblem, we can solve the original problem efficiently.

Advantages:


1. Efficiency: The divide and conquer strategy can often lead to efficient algorithms, especially when the subproblems are non-overlapping and can be solved independently.
2. Modularity: By breaking the problem into smaller subproblems, the overall problem becomes easier to understand and solve.
3. Scalability: The divide and conquer strategy is scalable and can be applied to problems of various sizes.

Using the divide and conquer strategy can lead to optimal solutions by combining the optimal solutions to non-overlapping subproblems. This approach is widely used in various algorithms and problem-solving techniques.
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Understanding the Complexity ClassesIn computational theory, problems are categorized into complexity classes based on the resources required to solve them. Here, we focus on four specific problems: PATH, HAMPATH, SAT, and 3SAT, to determine which belong to class P.What is Class P?- Class P consists of decision problems that can be solved by a deterministic Turing machine in polynomial time.- If a problem is in P, it means there exists an algorithm that can solve it efficiently for all input sizes.Analysis of Each Problem- PATH: - The problem asks whether there exists a path between two vertices in a graph. - This can be solved using Depth-First Search (DFS) or Breadth-First Search (BFS), both of which run in polynomial time. - Conclusion: PATH is in P.- HAMPATH: - This problem involves determining whether there is a Hamiltonian path in a graph (a path that visits each vertex exactly onc e). - HAMPATH is NP-complete, meaning it is not known to be solvable in polynomial time. - Conclusion: HAMPATH is not in P.- SAT (Satisfiability): - SAT asks whether a boolean formula can be satisfied by some assignment of truth values. - While SAT is NP-complete, it was proven to be in NP, and due to advancements, it can be solved in polynomial time for specific cases. - Conclusion: SAT is not in P generally.- 3SAT: - This is a specific case of SAT where the formula is in conjunctive normal form with exactly three literals per clause. - 3SAT is also NP-complete and does not have known polynomial-time solutions. - Conclusion: 3SAT is not in P.Final ConclusionBased on the analyses, the problems that belong to class P are:- Option A: SAT - Not generally in P.- Option C: PATH - In P.Thus, only PATH is confirmed to be in P.

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If a problem can be solved by combining optimal solutions to non-overlapping problems, the strategy is called _____________a)Dynamic programmingb)Greedyc)Divide and conquerd)RecursionCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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