Which species has the maximum number of lone pair of electrons on the ...
Solution:
To determine the species with the maximum number of lone pair of electrons on the central atom, we need to examine the Lewis structures and electron configurations of each species.
1. [ClO3]-
The Lewis structure for [ClO3]- is:
O = Cl = O
with a single bond between Cl and each O atom, and three lone pairs of electrons on each O atom. The Cl atom has 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair of electrons.
2. XeF4
The Lewis structure for XeF4 is:
F - Xe - F
|
F
with a single bond between Xe and each F atom, and two lone pairs of electrons on each F atom. The Xe atom has 4 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs of electrons.
3. SF4
The Lewis structure for SF4 is:
F - S - F
|
F
with a single bond between S and each F atom, and one lone pair of electrons on the S atom. The S atom has 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair of electrons.
4. [I3]-
The Lewis structure for [I3]- is:
I - I - I
with a single bond between each I atom, and two lone pairs of electrons on each I atom. Each I atom has 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs of electrons.
Based on the Lewis structures, we can determine the number of lone pairs of electrons on the central atom for each species:
- [ClO3]- has 1 lone pair of electrons on the central Cl atom.
- XeF4 has 2 lone pairs of electrons on the central Xe atom.
- SF4 has 1 lone pair of electrons on the central S atom.
- [I3]- has 2 lone pairs of electrons on each central I atom.
Therefore, the species with the maximum number of lone pair of electrons on the central atom is [I3]-, which has 2 lone pairs of electrons on each central I atom.