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Consider a hypothetical processor with an instruction of type LW R1, 20(R2), which during execution reads a 32-bit word from memory and stores it in a 32-bit register R1. The effective address of the memory location is obtained by the addition of constant 20 and the contents of register R2. Which of the following best reflects the addressing mode implemented by this instruction for the operand in memory?
  • a)
    Immediate Addressing
  • b)
    Register Addressing
  • c)
    Register Indirect Scaled Addressing
  • d)
    Base Indexed Addressing
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Consider a hypothetical processor with an instruction of type LW R1, 2...
Here 20 will act as base and content of R2 will be index
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Consider a hypothetical processor with an instruction of type LW R1, 2...
Addressing Mode in the Given Instruction:
The given instruction LW R1, 20(R2) performs a load operation from memory to register. The effective address of the memory location is obtained by adding a constant value of 20 to the contents of register R2. This type of addressing mode is known as base indexed addressing.

Explanation:
In base indexed addressing mode, the effective address is calculated by adding a constant value (base) to the contents of a register (index). In this case, the constant value is 20 and the register is R2. The effective address is obtained by adding the value in R2 to the constant value of 20.

Example:
Let's say the initial value in R2 is 100. So, the effective address for the load operation will be 100 + 20 = 120. The processor will then read the 32-bit word from memory location 120 and store it in register R1.

Advantages of Base Indexed Addressing:
- Base indexed addressing allows the programmer to access memory locations using a combination of a constant value and a register, providing flexibility in addressing.
- It reduces the need for separate instructions for different memory locations, as the effective address can be calculated dynamically.

Comparison with Other Addressing Modes:
a) Immediate Addressing: Immediate addressing mode uses a constant value directly in the instruction. It does not involve any registers. In the given instruction, the constant value is used for calculating the effective address, but it is not directly specified in the instruction itself. Therefore, immediate addressing is not applicable here.

b) Register Addressing: Register addressing mode directly specifies the register in the instruction. In the given instruction, R1 is the destination register, but it is not used for calculating the effective address. Therefore, register addressing is not applicable here.

c) Register Indirect Scaled Addressing: Register indirect scaled addressing involves scaling the contents of a register by a constant value. It does not involve adding a constant value to the contents of a register. Therefore, it does not match the addressing mode implemented by the given instruction.

Conclusion:
The addressing mode implemented by the given instruction LW R1, 20(R2) is base indexed addressing, as the effective address is obtained by adding a constant value (base) to the contents of a register (index).
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Consider a hypothetical processor with an instruction of type LW R1, 20(R2), which during execution reads a 32-bit word from memory and stores it in a 32-bit register R1. The effective address of the memory location is obtained by the addition of constant 20 and the contents of register R2. Which of the following best reflects the addressing mode implemented by this instruction for the operand in memory?a)Immediate Addressingb)Register Addressingc)Register Indirect Scaled Addressingd)Base Indexed AddressingCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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