Temporal locality:
Temporal locality is a principle in computer science that states that if a memory location is referenced, it is likely to be referenced again in the near future. This principle is based on the observation that programs often exhibit repetitive behavior and access the same data or instructions multiple times within a short period of time.

Explanation:
When considering temporal locality in the context of processes and pages, it means that processes are likely to reference pages that have been referenced recently. This implies that if a process accessed a particular page in memory, there is a high probability that it will access the same page again in the near future.

Reasoning:
The reason behind this principle is rooted in the behavior of programs. Programs typically exhibit characteristics such as loops, subroutines, and repeated instructions, which lead to the re-access of the same data or instructions. When a process references a page, it is usually because it requires the data or instructions contained within that page. If the process needs to perform a similar task or access the same data again, it is more efficient to reference the page that has already been loaded into memory rather than fetching it again from secondary storage.

Example:
For example, consider a program that reads a large dataset from a file and performs some calculations on it. The program may access the same pages of the file repeatedly as it processes different parts of the dataset. By keeping these frequently accessed pages in memory, the program can avoid the overhead of repeatedly fetching them from the disk, resulting in improved performance.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, according to temporal locality, processes are likely to reference pages that have been referenced recently. This principle is based on the observation that programs often exhibit repetitive behavior and access the same data or instructions multiple times within a short period of time. By taking advantage of temporal locality, memory management techniques can optimize the performance of processes by preloading frequently accessed pages into memory.