Vitamin B12
Reversible corneal epitheliopathy caused by vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in a vegan with a genetic mutation: a new disease. Sir, A 27-year-old woman complained of decreased vision, photophobia and monocular diplopia.

Photophobia is a condition characterized by an abnormal sensitivity to light. People with photophobia experience discomfort or pain when exposed to bright light, causing them to avoid or limit their exposure to light. One of the common causes of photophobia is a deficiency in Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin.

Vitamin B2 is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in the body. It is involved in various cellular processes and is necessary for the proper functioning of the eyes, skin, and nervous system. A deficiency in Vitamin B2 can result in a range of symptoms, including photophobia.

The connection between Vitamin B2 deficiency and photophobia can be explained by the role of this vitamin in protecting the eyes. Vitamin B2 is a component of two important enzymes called flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). These enzymes are involved in the production of energy in the cells and have antioxidant properties.

Antioxidants help protect the cells and tissues from damage caused by harmful molecules called free radicals. In the eyes, free radicals can be generated by exposure to light, particularly in the presence of certain risk factors such as prolonged sun exposure or oxidative stress. Vitamin B2 helps in neutralizing these free radicals and preventing damage to the ocular tissues, including the retina.

When there is a deficiency of Vitamin B2, the protective mechanisms against free radicals are compromised, and the eyes become more susceptible to damage from light. This can lead to increased sensitivity to light or photophobia.

To alleviate photophobia caused by Vitamin B2 deficiency, it is important to address the underlying nutritional deficiency. Increasing the intake of foods rich in Vitamin B2 can help restore normal levels in the body. Good dietary sources of Vitamin B2 include milk, yogurt, cheese, eggs, meat, green leafy vegetables, and whole grains. In some cases, supplementation with Vitamin B2 may be recommended under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

In conclusion, photophobia can be caused by a deficiency in Vitamin B2. This vitamin plays a vital role in protecting the eyes from light-induced damage, and its deficiency can lead to increased sensitivity to light. Proper nutrition and adequate intake of Vitamin B2-rich foods can help alleviate photophobia symptoms.