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Suppose a CPU contains 1000 memory references there are 40 misses in L1 cache (First Level Cache) and 20 misses in the L2 cache (Second Level Cache). Assume miss penalty from the L2 cache to memory is 100 clock cycles the hit time of L2 cache is 10 clock cycles, the hit time of L1 cache is 1 clock cycle and "there are 1.5 memory references per instruction.
Q. What is the average memory access time?
  • a)
    3.4 clock cycles
  • b)
    3.5 clock cycles
  • c)
    5.3 clock cycles
  • d)
    1.8 clock cycles
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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Suppose a CPU contains 1000 memory references there are 40 misses in L...

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Suppose a CPU contains 1000 memory references there are 40 misses in L...
The hit time of CPU registers is 0 clock cycle.

To calculate the average memory access time (AMAT), we need to consider the hit times and miss penalties of each level of cache.

Given:
- Number of memory references (N) = 1000
- Number of misses in L1 cache (M1) = 40
- Number of misses in L2 cache (M2) = 20
- Miss penalty from L2 cache to memory (MP) = 100 clock cycles
- Hit time of L2 cache (HT2) = 10 clock cycles
- Hit time of L1 cache (HT1) = 1 clock cycle
- Hit time of CPU registers (HTR) = 0 clock cycle

First, let's calculate the miss rate for each level of cache:

Miss rate of L1 cache (MR1) = M1 / N
= 40 / 1000
= 0.04

Miss rate of L2 cache (MR2) = M2 / N
= 20 / 1000
= 0.02

Now, let's calculate the average memory access time (AMAT) using the following formula:
AMAT = HT1 + (MR1 * HT2) + (MR2 * MP)

AMAT = 1 + (0.04 * 10) + (0.02 * 100)
= 1 + 0.4 + 2
= 3.4 clock cycles

Therefore, the average memory access time (AMAT) is 3.4 clock cycles.
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Suppose a CPU contains 1000 memory references there are 40 misses in L1 cache (First Level Cache) and 20 misses in the L2 cache (Second Level Cache). Assume miss penalty from the L2 cache to memory is 100 clock cycles the hit time of L2 cache is 10 clock cycles, the hit time of L1 cache is 1 clock cycle and "there are 1.5 memory references per instruction.Q. What is the average memory access time?a)3.4 clock cyclesb)3.5 clock cyclesc)5.3 clock cyclesd)1.8 clock cyclesCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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