Explanation:

To understand why the answer is option 'B', let's first understand the different types of parsers mentioned in the options:

- SLR(1) parser: An SLR(1) parser is a simple LR(0) parser augmented with the ability to handle lookaheads. It uses a simplified LR parsing table that may result in conflicts.

- LR(1) parser: An LR(1) parser is a more powerful parser than SLR(1) as it handles more lookahead information. It constructs a more detailed LR parsing table that can handle more grammars without conflicts.

- LR(0) parser: An LR(0) parser is the simplest form of an LR parser. It constructs an LR parsing table based on the LR(0) items of the grammar. It does not use any lookahead information.

- LALR(1) parser: An LALR(1) parser is a compromise between the power of an LR(1) parser and the efficiency of an SLR(1) parser. It constructs an LR parsing table similar to the LR(1) parser but with fewer states.

Shift-Reduce Conflicts:
Shift-reduce conflicts occur in a parsing table when there is a choice between shifting the next input symbol or reducing a production rule. These conflicts arise due to ambiguity in the grammar.

Explanation of the answer:

The answer is option 'B' because an LALR(1) parser for a grammar G can have shift-reduce conflicts if and only if the LR(1) parser for G has shift-reduce conflicts.

Reasoning:

1. SLR(1) parser: An SLR(1) parser is a simplified version of an LR(1) parser. It has fewer states and uses a simplified parsing table. Therefore, it is possible for an SLR(1) parser to have shift-reduce conflicts.

2. LR(0) parser: An LR(0) parser does not use any lookahead information. It constructs a parsing table based on LR(0) items of the grammar. Since it does not consider any lookahead, it is more likely to have shift-reduce conflicts compared to LR(1) or LALR(1) parsers.

3. LALR(1) parser: An LALR(1) parser is a compromise between the power of an LR(1) parser and the efficiency of an SLR(1) parser. It constructs a parsing table similar to an LR(1) parser but with fewer states. Therefore, if the LR(1) parser for a grammar G has shift-reduce conflicts, it is possible for the LALR(1) parser for the same grammar G to also have shift-reduce conflicts.

4. LR(1) parser: An LR(1) parser constructs a more detailed parsing table by considering more lookahead information compared to an SLR(1) parser. If the LR(1) parser has shift-reduce conflicts for a grammar G, it means that the grammar G is inherently ambiguous and cannot be parsed without conflicts. Therefore, it is possible for the LALR(1) parser for the same grammar G to also have shift-reduce conflicts.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B' - The LR(1) parser for G has shift-reduce conflicts.