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Consider an unpipelined processor assume that it has a 1 ns clock cycles and that it uses 4 cycles for ALU operation and branches and 5 cycles for memory operations. Assume that the relative frequencies of these operations are 40%, 20% and 40% respectively. Suppose due to clock skew and setup, pipelining the processor adds 0.2 ns of overhead to the clock, ignore any latency impact.
Q. What is the average instruction execution time for unpipelined processor?
  • a)
    3.4 ns
  • b)
    4.4 ns
  • c)
    3.1 ns
  • d)
    1.2 ns
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Consider an unpipelined processor assume that it has a 1 ns clock cycl...
Average instruction execution time
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Consider an unpipelined processor assume that it has a 1 ns clock cycl...
Average Instruction Execution Time for Unpipelined Processor

Given:
- Clock cycle time for unpipelined processor = 1 ns
- 4 cycles for ALU operation and branches
- 5 cycles for memory operations
- Relative frequencies of these operations are 40%, 20%, and 40% respectively

To find:
Average instruction execution time for unpipelined processor

Solution:
We can use the following formula to calculate the average instruction execution time:

Average Instruction Execution Time = (CPI x Clock Cycle Time) / Frequency

where CPI is the cycles per instruction.

Let's calculate the CPI for the given unpipelined processor:

CPI = (40% x 4 cycles) + (20% x 4 cycles) + (40% x 5 cycles)
= 1.6 + 0.8 + 2
= 4.4 cycles

Now, we can substitute the values in the formula to get the average instruction execution time:

Average Instruction Execution Time = (4.4 cycles x 1 ns) / 1
= 4.4 ns

Therefore, the average instruction execution time for unpipelined processor is 4.4 ns.

Note:
- Clock skew refers to the difference in arrival times of the clock signal at different parts of the processor.
- Setup time refers to the amount of time required for the input data to stabilize before the clock edge arrives.
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Consider an unpipelined processor assume that it has a 1 ns clock cycles and that it uses 4 cycles for ALU operation and branches and 5 cycles for memory operations. Assume that the relative frequencies of these operations are 40%, 20% and 40% respectively. Suppose due to clock skew and setup, pipelining the processor adds 0.2 ns of overhead to the clock, ignore any latency impact.Q.What is the average instruction execution time for unpipelined processor?a)3.4 nsb)4.4 nsc)3.1 nsd)1.2 nsCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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