Interaction of Charges - Lightning

Lightning is the interaction of charges, which is the correct answer to the given question. Let's understand this in detail:

- Interaction of Charges: Whenever there are two or more charged objects present near each other, they interact with each other due to their charges. This interaction can be attractive or repulsive depending on the type of charges (positive or negative) on the objects. This interaction is called the interaction of charges.
- Lightning: Lightning is a natural phenomenon that occurs due to the interaction of charges in the atmosphere. The charges can be present in the form of thunderclouds, which are negatively charged at the bottom and positively charged at the top. These charges interact with the charges on the ground, which are generally positive. This interaction leads to the formation of a lightning bolt, which is a discharge of electricity that travels from the cloud to the ground.
- Process of Lightning: The process of lightning involves the following steps:

1. The thunderclouds get negatively charged at the bottom due to the movement of water droplets and ice particles. The top of the cloud gets positively charged due to the separation of charges.
2. The charges on the ground get attracted to the charges on the bottom of the cloud, which leads to the formation of a channel of ionized air between the cloud and the ground.
3. The charges flow through this channel, which results in a lightning bolt. The lightning bolt heats up the air around it, which causes a sudden expansion, leading to the sound of thunder.

- Importance of Lightning: Lightning is an important natural phenomenon, which helps in maintaining the balance of charges in the atmosphere. It also helps in the formation of nitrogen compounds, which are essential for the growth of plants.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, lightning is the interaction of charges, which occurs due to the presence of charged objects in the atmosphere. It is a natural phenomenon that plays an important role in maintaining the balance of charges in the atmosphere and is essential for the growth of plants.

(a) is the answer because during lightning...the surface of earth is electrically positively charged because of the process of induction as the bottom surface of the cloud is negatively charged. I hope you know why the bottom of the cloud is negatively charged so I will not be explaining it. now that the bottom of the cloud is negative and the surface of the earth is positive, like charges attract. when there are too many charged particles, the cloud discharges electricity in the form of lightning. this is the interaction of the electrical charges of earth and the bottom of the cloud.