The goal of concurrency control protocols is to ensure the correctness and consistency of concurrent transactions in a database system. These protocols are responsible for managing the execution of multiple transactions that may be accessing and modifying the same data simultaneously. The main objective of concurrency control protocols is to prevent data inconsistencies and ensure that the final result of concurrent transactions is equivalent to the result obtained by executing them serially, one after another.

Concurrency control protocols achieve this goal by controlling the order in which transactions are executed and by ensuring that the schedule of transactions is serializable. A schedule is a sequence of operations performed by different transactions. A serializable schedule is one that produces the same result as a serial execution of the transactions, regardless of the order in which the transactions are executed.

Concurrency control protocols enforce serializability by using different techniques such as locking, timestamp ordering, and validation. These techniques ensure that transactions do not interfere with each other by accessing or modifying the same data concurrently.

By ensuring that the schedule is serializable, concurrency control protocols prevent various problems that can arise in concurrent execution, such as lost updates, inconsistent reads, and dirty writes. Lost updates occur when the modification made by one transaction is overwritten by another transaction. Inconsistent reads occur when a transaction reads data that has been modified by another transaction but has not been committed yet. Dirty writes occur when a transaction modifies data that is being accessed by another transaction, leading to an inconsistent state.

Therefore, the primary goal of concurrency control protocols is to ensure that the schedule of transactions is serializable. This ensures data consistency and prevents anomalies that can occur in concurrent execution. The recoverability of the schedule, which refers to the ability to restore the database to a consistent state after a failure, is also important but not the main goal of concurrency control protocols.