There are two doping methods.....
1)Gene doping
2) Blood doping


⚫Gene Doping allows athletes to alter their bodies in such a way that various proteins and hormones in their bodies operate differently.  For example, exogenously introduced hormones (added by injection) can actually be naturally produced (endogenously) in their body. Or Myostatin, a protein which inhibits muscle growth, can be mutated to limit its effectiveness, which would result in increased muscle production.

⚫Blood doping refers to the practice of utilizing blood transfusions to supply an athlete’s body with an increase in red blood cells prior to competing.  Increased red blood cell presence allows for more oxygen to reach the lungs and other muscles, increasing aerobic capability. Homologous transfusions use compatible blood types from a donor, while autologous transfusions are done with the recipient’s own blood.  The blood is harvested some time prior to competing, frozen and stored.  This process does not effect the red blood cells.  Then, shortly before competition, the transfusion takes place, increasing the red blood cell count in the athlete.