Plant Tissue: Overview

Plant tissue refers to the group of cells that perform a particular function within a plant. It is made up of different types of cells that have a specific structure and function. Plant tissues can be broadly classified into two categories: Meristematic Tissues and Permanent Tissues.

Meristematic Tissues

Meristematic tissues are the dividing tissues that are responsible for the growth of the plant. They are found in the roots, stems, and leaves of the plant. Meristematic tissues can be of three types: Apical Meristem, Lateral Meristem, and Intercalary Meristem.

1. Apical Meristem

Apical Meristem is present at the tip of the roots and shoots. It is responsible for the growth in length of the plant. It also helps in the formation of new leaves and branches.

2. Lateral Meristem

Lateral Meristem is present in the lateral parts of the plant, such as the cambium layer. It is responsible for the growth in girth of the plant.

3. Intercalary Meristem

Intercalary Meristem is present at the base of the leaves and internodes. It is responsible for the growth in length of the internodes and the formation of new leaves.

Permanent Tissues

Permanent tissues are the non-dividing tissues that have a specific function within the plant. They are derived from meristematic tissues and are of two types: Simple Permanent Tissues and Complex Permanent Tissues.

1. Simple Permanent Tissues

Simple Permanent Tissues are made up of a single type of cell and have a specific function within the plant. They can be of three types: Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma.

- Parenchyma: It is the most common type of simple permanent tissue. It is found in all parts of the plant and performs various functions such as storage, photosynthesis, and secretion.
- Collenchyma: It is found in the stem and leaves of the plant. It provides mechanical support to the plant.
- Sclerenchyma: It is found in the stem, leaves, and roots of the plant. It provides mechanical support to the plant.

2. Complex Permanent Tissues

Complex Permanent Tissues are made up of more than one type of cell and have a specific function within the plant. They can be of two types: Xylem and Phloem.

- Xylem: It is responsible for the transportation of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves of the plant.
- Phloem: It is responsible for the transportation of food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant.

Conclusion

Plant tissue is a group of cells that perform a specific function within a plant. It can be classified into two categories: Meristematic Tissues and Permanent Tissues. Meristematic tissues are the dividing tissues that are responsible for the growth of the plant, while permanent tissues are the non-dividing tissues that have a specific function within the plant. Permanent tissues are derived from meristematic tissues and are of two types: Simple Permanent Tissues and Complex Permanent Tissues.

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