How are seeds protected from insects?

Seeds are crucial for the growth and development of plants, and protecting them from insects is essential to ensure a successful harvest. There are several ways in which seeds are protected from insects:

1. Natural defenses:
- Some seeds have built-in natural defenses that prevent insects from damaging them. These defenses can include tough outer coatings, bitter or toxic substances, or sticky substances that trap insects.
- For example, the seed coat of certain plants like beans and peas is hard and resistant to insect penetration, making it difficult for insects to access the seed.

2. Chemical defenses:
- Some seeds produce chemicals that repel or deter insects. These chemicals can be toxic to insects or simply unpleasant, causing them to avoid feeding on the seeds.
- For instance, some types of seeds release volatile compounds that act as natural insect repellents, keeping insects away from the seeds.

3. Insect-resistant varieties:
- Plant breeders have developed insect-resistant varieties of crops by incorporating genes from naturally insect-resistant plants or by using genetic engineering techniques.
- These insect-resistant varieties produce compounds that are toxic to specific insects, preventing them from feeding on the seeds.

4. Physical barriers:
- Seeds can be protected from insects by using physical barriers such as mesh screens or netting. These barriers prevent insects from reaching the seeds and causing damage.
- This method is commonly used in seed storage facilities or greenhouses to protect seeds from insect infestations.

5. Insecticides:
- In some cases, insecticides may be used to protect seeds from insects. These chemicals are specifically designed to kill or repel insects and can be applied directly to the seeds or their surrounding environment.
- However, the use of insecticides is a controversial topic, as it can have negative impacts on the environment and human health.

To ensure the successful growth and development of plants, it is important to protect seeds from insects. By utilizing natural defenses, chemical defenses, insect-resistant varieties, physical barriers, and sometimes insecticides, farmers can safeguard their seeds and ensure a healthy crop.

Neem leaves keep insects away.Hence, seeds are covered with neem leaves.