The statement(s) below are the summary of a paragraph. Choose the option that best represents the paragraph that was summarised.Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. It can include flashbacks and nightmares, increased arousal in the form of insomnia, anger and an inability to concentrate, and impaired personal relationships. Although lasting psychological damage from horrific experiences has been recognised since time immemorial, it is only since 1980, when veterans were still experiencing stress from the Vietnam war, that PTSD has been a formal psychiatric diagnosis. a)PTSD is a set of psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after the Vietnam war.b)PTSD is a formal psychiatric diagnosis for symptoms including flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships.c)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after 1980.d)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis for flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships, an illness from the Vietnam War.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

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The statement(s) below are the summary of a paragraph. Choose the option that best represents the paragraph that was summarised.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. It can include flashbacks and nightmares, increased arousal in the form of insomnia, anger and an inability to concentrate, and impaired personal relationships. Although lasting psychological damage from horrific experiences has been recognised since time immemorial, it is only since 1980, when veterans were still experiencing stress from the Vietnam war, that PTSD has been a formal psychiatric diagnosis.

a)
PTSD is a set of psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after the Vietnam war.
b)
PTSD is a formal psychiatric diagnosis for symptoms including flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships.
c)
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after 1980.
d)
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis for flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships, an illness from the Vietnam War.

Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

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The statement(s) below are the summary of a paragraph. Choose the opti...

The main points of the paragraph are: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. Though it was experienced from time immemorial it got recognised as an illness only in 1980. Option 3 captures this essence well.
An abbreviation in a precis without explaining it is incorrect. Hence among other reasons options 1 and 2 can be eliminated. Option 4 somehow attributes the recognition directly to the Vietnam War- this is not the intent of the paragraph.
Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

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When people react to their experiences with particular authorities, those authorities and the organizations or institutions that they represent often benefit if the people involved begin with high levels of commitment to the organization or institution represented by the authorities. First, in his studies of people's attitudes toward political and legal institutions, Tyler found that attitudes after an experience with the institution were strongly affected by prior attitudes. Single experiences influence post experience loyalty but certainly do not overwhelm the relationship between pre-experience and post experience loyalty. Thus, the best predictor of loyalty after an experience is usually loyalty before that experience. Second, people with prior loyalty to the organization or institution judge their dealings with the organization's or institution's authorities to be fairer than do those with less prior loyalty, either because they are more fairly treated or because they interpret equivalent treatment as fairer.Although high levels of prior organizational or institutional commitment are generally beneficial to the organization or institution, under certain conditions high levels of prior commitment may actually sow the seeds of reduced commitment. When previously committed individuals feel that they were treated unfavorably or unfairly during some experience with the organization or institution, they may show an especially sharp decline in commitment. Two studies were designed to test this hypothesis, which, if confirmed, would suggest that organizational or institutional commitment has risks, as well as benefits. At least three psychological models offer predictions of how individuals' reactions may vary as a function of (1) their prior level of commitment and (2) the favorability of the encounter with the organization or institution. Favorability of the encounter is determined by the outcome of the encounter and the fairness or appropriateness of the procedures used to allocate outcomes during the encounter. First, the instrumental prediction is that because people are mainly concerned with receiving desired outcomes from their encounters with organizations, changes in their level of commitmentwill depend primarily on the favorability of the encounter. Second, the assimilation prediction is that individuals' prior attitudes predispose them to react in a way that is consistent with their prior attitudes.The third prediction, derived from the group-value model of justice, pertains to how people with high prior commitment will react when they feel that they have been treated unfavorably or unfairly during some encounter with the organization or institution. Fair treatment by the other party symbolizes to people that they are being dealt with in a dignified and respectful way, thereby bolstering their sense of self-identity and self-worth. However, people will become quite distressed and react quite negatively if they feel that they have been treated unfairly by the other party to the relationship. The group-value model suggests that people value the information they receive that helps them to define themselves and to view themselves favorably. According to the instrumental viewpoint, people are primarily concerned with the more material or tangible resources received from the relationship. Empirical support for the group-value model has implications for a variety of important issues, including the determinants of commitment, satisfaction, organizational citizenship, and rule following. Determinants of procedural fairness include structural or interpersonal factors. For example, structural determinants refer to such things as whether decisions were made by neutral, fact-finding authorities who used legitimate decision-making criteria. The primary purpose of the study was to examine the interactive effect of individuals (1) commitment to an organization or institution prior to some encounter and (2) perceptions of how fairly they were treated during the encounter, on the change in their level of commitment. A basic assumption of the group-value model is that people generally value their relationships with people, groups, organizations, and institutions and therefore value fair treatment from the other party to the relationship. Specifically, highly committed members should have especially negative reactions to feeling that they were treated unfairly, more so than (1) less-committed group members or (2) highly committed members who felt that they were fairly treated.The prediction that people will react especially negatively when they previously felt highly committed but felt that they were treated unfairly also is consistent with the literature on psychological contracts. Rousseau suggested that, over time, the members of work organizations develop feelings of entitlement, i.e., perceived obligations that their employers have toward them. Those who are highly committed to the organization believe that they are fulfilling their contract obligations. 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Group QuestionThe passage given below is followed by a set of questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.If perception of sound depends on our state of mind, then conversely a state of mind can hardly exist without an external world with which it is in relation and that conditions it - either our immediate present environment, or something that happened in the past and that now echoes or goes on happening in our minds. Silence, then, is always relative. Our experience of it is more interesting than the acoustic effect itself. And the most interesting kind of silence is that of a mind free of words, free of thoughts, free of language, a mental silence. Arguably, when we have a perception of being tormented by noise, a lot of that noise is actually in our heads - the interminable fizz of anxious thoughts or the self-regarding monologue that for much of the time constitutes our consciousness. Our objection to noise in the outer world, very often, is that it makes it harder to focus on the buzz we produce for ourselves in our inner world.Sitting still, denying yourself physical movement, the minds instinctive reaction is to retreat into its normal buzzing monologue - hoping that focusing the mind elsewhere will relieve physical discomfort. Silence, then, combined with stillness - the two are intimately related - invites us to observe the relationship between consciousness and the body, in movement and moving thought. In fact, what you actually discover is less personal than you would suppose. You discover how the construct of consciousness and self, something we all share, normally gets through time, to a large extent by ignoring our physical being and existence in the present moment. This form of meditation alters the minds relationship with the body. It invites the meditator to focus attention on all parts of the body equally, without exception, to guide the consciousness through the body and to contemplate sensation as it ebbs and flows in the flesh, and this without reacting in any way - without aversion to pain, without attachment to pleasure. So we become aware that even when we are still, everything inside us is constantly moving and changing. The process is a series of small gains and losses; perhaps a larger step forward, then a small relapse. If one is persistent, undaunted, in ones attempts to concentrate, if one is successful in showing neither aversion to pain nor indulgence in pleasure, then, very slowly, the stillness and silence deepen in an atmosphere ofbeatitude that is simultaneously and indivisibly both physical and mental. It is as if, as the body is slowly put together and all its component parts unite in an intense present, so the historical self is taken apart and falls away.Q.The passage is primarily concerned with which of the following?

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Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.There is a subtle difference between enduring continuance, which in other words is persistence, and firmly adhering to one’s chosen course of action which is called obstinacy. Something of note here is the difference between the attitudes of scientists around the world. While some of them persistently work on some projects; others give them up at some stage or the other. A notable example here is Fleming. Fleming started doing work on penicillin in the late 20s. He tried his best to purify it but failed in his efforts. He wrote in 1932 that he discontinued working on penicillin and gave his reasons as well. He said that it would never be useful and found it to be very unstable. Later on, in 1941 Florey and Chaine started their efforts to purify penicillin. And because of their persistent efforts, they discovered a process to purify it. Both of them along with Fleming were awarded the Nobel Prize.The stumbling blocks for me were in the beginning when we put forward the idea that tumours need to have their own blood supply. The only response that we got was of hostility and jeering disbelief. When we persistently kept on talking about it, other’s response was that this will be a meaningless exercise. ”There will be no molecules”. When we finally proved in 1983 (starting in the late 60s) that these were actually molecules, they gave another observation,” you’ll never prove that that’s what tumours use.” The most cynical group insisted that this discovery might be true on mice but it did not hold true on people. But my response has always been that I would not give up my efforts and I cannot stop if somebody else wanted me to stop. I even made the offer if they would give their observations under signature. If they agreed to do so, it would save huge money of the public and the government and we would stop doing the experiments. But nobody agreed to do so.So, my final observation is that whatever field you have chosen in life, the success will come to you only by way of dogged determination. A pessimistic would say, "Ok, if they became successful, they were lucky enough.” But I differ with it. Luck is when preparation meets opportunity. If you want to be successful, you can become so only with persistence and determination. The only thing is that do not give up making efforts. Keep on pursuing whatever you are after against all odds.Q."I even made the offer if they would give their observations under signature." These words reflect

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The statement(s) below are the summary of a paragraph. Choose the option that best represents the paragraph that was summarised.Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. It can include flashbacks and nightmares, increased arousal in the form of insomnia, anger and an inability to concentrate, and impaired personal relationships. Although lasting psychological damage from horrific experiences has been recognised since time immemorial, it is only since 1980, when veterans were still experiencing stress from the Vietnam war, that PTSD has been a formal psychiatric diagnosis. a)PTSD is a set of psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after the Vietnam war.b)PTSD is a formal psychiatric diagnosis for symptoms including flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships.c)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after 1980.d)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis for flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships, an illness from the Vietnam War.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

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The statement(s) below are the summary of a paragraph. Choose the option that best represents the paragraph that was summarised.Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. It can include flashbacks and nightmares, increased arousal in the form of insomnia, anger and an inability to concentrate, and impaired personal relationships. Although lasting psychological damage from horrific experiences has been recognised since time immemorial, it is only since 1980, when veterans were still experiencing stress from the Vietnam war, that PTSD has been a formal psychiatric diagnosis. a)PTSD is a set of psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after the Vietnam war.b)PTSD is a formal psychiatric diagnosis for symptoms including flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships.c)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after 1980.d)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis for flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships, an illness from the Vietnam War.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? for CAT 2025 is part of CAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CAT exam syllabus. Information about The statement(s) below are the summary of a paragraph. Choose the option that best represents the paragraph that was summarised.Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. It can include flashbacks and nightmares, increased arousal in the form of insomnia, anger and an inability to concentrate, and impaired personal relationships. Although lasting psychological damage from horrific experiences has been recognised since time immemorial, it is only since 1980, when veterans were still experiencing stress from the Vietnam war, that PTSD has been a formal psychiatric diagnosis. a)PTSD is a set of psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after the Vietnam war.b)PTSD is a formal psychiatric diagnosis for symptoms including flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships.c)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after 1980.d)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis for flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships, an illness from the Vietnam War.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CAT 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for The statement(s) below are the summary of a paragraph. Choose the option that best represents the paragraph that was summarised.Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. It can include flashbacks and nightmares, increased arousal in the form of insomnia, anger and an inability to concentrate, and impaired personal relationships. Although lasting psychological damage from horrific experiences has been recognised since time immemorial, it is only since 1980, when veterans were still experiencing stress from the Vietnam war, that PTSD has been a formal psychiatric diagnosis. a)PTSD is a set of psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after the Vietnam war.b)PTSD is a formal psychiatric diagnosis for symptoms including flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships.c)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after 1980.d)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis for flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships, an illness from the Vietnam War.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?.

Solutions for The statement(s) below are the summary of a paragraph. Choose the option that best represents the paragraph that was summarised.Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. It can include flashbacks and nightmares, increased arousal in the form of insomnia, anger and an inability to concentrate, and impaired personal relationships. Although lasting psychological damage from horrific experiences has been recognised since time immemorial, it is only since 1980, when veterans were still experiencing stress from the Vietnam war, that PTSD has been a formal psychiatric diagnosis. a)PTSD is a set of psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after the Vietnam war.b)PTSD is a formal psychiatric diagnosis for symptoms including flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships.c)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after 1980.d)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis for flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships, an illness from the Vietnam War.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for CAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for CAT Exam by signing up for free.

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Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after the Vietnam war.b)PTSD is a formal psychiatric diagnosis for symptoms including flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships.c)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after 1980.d)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis for flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships, an illness from the Vietnam War.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of The statement(s) below are the summary of a paragraph. Choose the option that best represents the paragraph that was summarised.Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. It can include flashbacks and nightmares, increased arousal in the form of insomnia, anger and an inability to concentrate, and impaired personal relationships. Although lasting psychological damage from horrific experiences has been recognised since time immemorial, it is only since 1980, when veterans were still experiencing stress from the Vietnam war, that PTSD has been a formal psychiatric diagnosis. a)PTSD is a set of psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after the Vietnam war.b)PTSD is a formal psychiatric diagnosis for symptoms including flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships.c)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after 1980.d)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis for flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships, an illness from the Vietnam War.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for The statement(s) below are the summary of a paragraph. Choose the option that best represents the paragraph that was summarised.Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. It can include flashbacks and nightmares, increased arousal in the form of insomnia, anger and an inability to concentrate, and impaired personal relationships. Although lasting psychological damage from horrific experiences has been recognised since time immemorial, it is only since 1980, when veterans were still experiencing stress from the Vietnam war, that PTSD has been a formal psychiatric diagnosis. a)PTSD is a set of psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after the Vietnam war.b)PTSD is a formal psychiatric diagnosis for symptoms including flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships.c)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after 1980.d)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis for flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships, an illness from the Vietnam War.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of The statement(s) below are the summary of a paragraph. Choose the option that best represents the paragraph that was summarised.Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. It can include flashbacks and nightmares, increased arousal in the form of insomnia, anger and an inability to concentrate, and impaired personal relationships. Although lasting psychological damage from horrific experiences has been recognised since time immemorial, it is only since 1980, when veterans were still experiencing stress from the Vietnam war, that PTSD has been a formal psychiatric diagnosis. a)PTSD is a set of psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after the Vietnam war.b)PTSD is a formal psychiatric diagnosis for symptoms including flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships.c)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after 1980.d)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis for flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships, an illness from the Vietnam War.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice The statement(s) below are the summary of a paragraph. Choose the option that best represents the paragraph that was summarised.Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. It can include flashbacks and nightmares, increased arousal in the form of insomnia, anger and an inability to concentrate, and impaired personal relationships. Although lasting psychological damage from horrific experiences has been recognised since time immemorial, it is only since 1980, when veterans were still experiencing stress from the Vietnam war, that PTSD has been a formal psychiatric diagnosis. a)PTSD is a set of psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after the Vietnam war.b)PTSD is a formal psychiatric diagnosis for symptoms including flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships.c)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the persistence of debilitating psychological symptoms. Though in existence since ancient times it was considered an illness only after 1980.d)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis for flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, anger and impaired relationships, an illness from the Vietnam War.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice CAT tests.

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