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Answer the question based on the passage given below. Type in the correct option number as your answer.
Why do good, ordinary people sometimes become perpetrators of evil? The most extreme transformation of this kind is, of course, the story of God’s favorite angel, Lucifer - a story that has set the context for my psychological investigations into lesser human transformations in response to the corrosive influence of powerful situational forces. Such forces exist in many common behavioral contexts, distorting our usual good nature by pushing us to engage in deviant, destructive, or evil behavior. When embedded in new and unfamiliar settings, our habitual ways of thinking, feeling, and acting no longer function to sustain the moral compass that has guided us reliably in the past.
Which of the following is the most likely inference from the passage? 
  • a)
    An individual’s inner nature, dispositions, and personality traits are the primary and often the sole factors in understanding human failings.
  • b)
    While most people are good most of the time, they can readily be led to act anti-socially, if situational forces influence their behavior.
  • c)
    It is easy for ordinary people to be seduced into engaging in evil deeds, or to be passively indifferent to the suffering of others.
  • d)
    Power situational forces force a rejection of the moral compass in individuals and they can turn permanently evil.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Answer the question based on the passage given below. Type in the corr...
Option 1 is contrary to the passage. The individual’s inner nature, dispositions, and personality traits are not the primary factors; one needs to take account of situational forces.
Option 3 is partially true, but is eliminated because of the word ‘easy’. It is presumptuous in the light of the paragraph to say that ‘it is easy to ... be seduced ...' etc.
Option 4 is eliminated because it states ‘individuals ... can turn permanently evil’, which is not supported by the passage. Option 2 supports every aspect of the paragraph and follows directly from what is stated in the paragraph.
Hence, the correct answer is option 2.
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Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions:The silent treatment goes by many names: shunning, social isolation, stonewalling, ghosting. Although psychologists have nuanced definitions for each term, they are all essentially forms of ostracism. And the tactic is nothing new. Ancient Greeks expelled for 10 years citizens who were thought to be a threat to democracy, and early American settlers banished people accused of practising witchcraft.“My research suggests that two in three individuals have used the silent treatment against someone else; even more have had it done to them,” Williams said. Experts told me that although they need more data to know for certain, instances of the silent treatment have likely increased over the years as new forms of communication have been invented. “Every new method of connection can be used as a form of disconnection,” Williams said.Ostracism can also manifest in lesser ways: someone walking out of the room in the middle of a conversation, a friend at school looking the other way when you wave at them, or a person addressing comments from everyone in a message thread except you. “Partial ostracism,” Williams told me, might mean monosyllabic replies—a terse period at the end of a one-word text message. But in serious cases, ostracism can take a heavy toll whereby victims become anxious, withdrawn, depressed, or even suicidal. “Because we humans require social contact for our mental health, the ramifications of isolation can be severe,” Joel Cooper, a psychology professor at Princeton, told me. “In the short term, the silent treatment causes stress. In the long term, the stress can be considered abuse.”The silent treatment is a particularly insidious form of abuse because it might force the victim to reconcile with the perpetrator in an effort to end the behavior, even if the victim doesn’t know why they’re apologizing. “It’s especially controlling because it deprives both sides from weighing in,” Williams said.The silent treatment might be employed by passive personality types to avoid conflict and confrontation, while strong personality types use it to punish or control. Some people may not even consciously choose it at all. “A person may be flooded with feelings they can’t put into words, so they just shut down,” Anne Fishel, the director of the Family and Couples Therapy Program at Massachusetts General Hospital, told me. But regardless of the reason for the silent treatment, it can be received by victims as ostracism.One study found that social rejection provoked a response in its victims similar to that of victims of physical abuse; the anterior cingulate cortex area of the brain—the area thought to interpret emotion and pain—was active in both instances. “Exclusion and rejection literally hurt,” John Bargh, a psychology professor at Yale, told me.But the silent treatment ultimately harms the person causing it, too. Humans are predisposed to reciprocate social cues, so ignoring someone goes against our nature, Williams said. The perpetrator is therefore forced to justify the behaviour in order to keep doing it; they keep in mind all the reasons they’re choosing to ignore someone. Worse, the silent treatment can become addictive. The father who couldn’t force himself to speak to his son again suffered the way many addicts suffer—through repeating an activity despite knowing its harm. “Most people who start giving the silent treatment never intend for it to go on for as long as it does, but it can be very difficult to stop,” Williams told me. “It’s psychological quicksand.”Q.Why does Williams tag ostracism as " psychological quicksand"?

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions:The silent treatment goes by many names: shunning, social isolation, stonewalling, ghosting. Although psychologists have nuanced definitions for each term, they are all essentially forms of ostracism. And the tactic is nothing new. Ancient Greeks expelled for 10 years citizens who were thought to be a threat to democracy, and early American settlers banished people accused of practising witchcraft.“My research suggests that two in three individuals have used the silent treatment against someone else; even more have had it done to them,” Williams said. Experts told me that although they need more data to know for certain, instances of the silent treatment have likely increased over the years as new forms of communication have been invented. “Every new method of connection can be used as a form of disconnection,” Williams said.Ostracism can also manifest in lesser ways: someone walking out of the room in the middle of a conversation, a friend at school looking the other way when you wave at them, or a person addressing comments from everyone in a message thread except you. “Partial ostracism,” Williams told me, might mean monosyllabic replies—a terse period at the end of a one-word text message. But in serious cases, ostracism can take a heavy toll whereby victims become anxious, withdrawn, depressed, or even suicidal. “Because we humans require social contact for our mental health, the ramifications of isolation can be severe,” Joel Cooper, a psychology professor at Princeton, told me. “In the short term, the silent treatment causes stress. In the long term, the stress can be considered abuse.”The silent treatment is a particularly insidious form of abuse because it might force the victim to reconcile with the perpetrator in an effort to end the behavior, even if the victim doesn’t know why they’re apologizing. “It’s especially controlling because it deprives both sides from weighing in,” Williams said.The silent treatment might be employed by passive personality types to avoid conflict and confrontation, while strong personality types use it to punish or control. Some people may not even consciously choose it at all. “A person may be flooded with feelings they can’t put into words, so they just shut down,” Anne Fishel, the director of the Family and Couples Therapy Program at Massachusetts General Hospital, told me. But regardless of the reason for the silent treatment, it can be received by victims as ostracism.One study found that social rejection provoked a response in its victims similar to that of victims of physical abuse; the anterior cingulate cortex area of the brain—the area thought to interpret emotion and pain—was active in both instances. “Exclusion and rejection literally hurt,” John Bargh, a psychology professor at Yale, told me.But the silent treatment ultimately harms the person causing it, too. Humans are predisposed to reciprocate social cues, so ignoring someone goes against our nature, Williams said. The perpetrator is therefore forced to justify the behaviour in order to keep doing it; they keep in mind all the reasons they’re choosing to ignore someone. Worse, the silent treatment can become addictive. The father who couldn’t force himself to speak to his son again suffered the way many addicts suffer—through repeating an activity despite knowing its harm. “Most people who start giving the silent treatment never intend for it to go on for as long as it does, but it can be very difficult to stop,” Williams told me. “It’s psychological quicksand.”Q.According to the passage, the perpetrators of silent treatment are compelled to justify their behavior because

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions:The silent treatment goes by many names: shunning, social isolation, stonewalling, ghosting. Although psychologists have nuanced definitions for each term, they are all essentially forms of ostracism. And the tactic is nothing new. Ancient Greeks expelled for 10 years citizens who were thought to be a threat to democracy, and early American settlers banished people accused of practising witchcraft.“My research suggests that two in three individuals have used the silent treatment against someone else; even more have had it done to them,” Williams said. Experts told me that although they need more data to know for certain, instances of the silent treatment have likely increased over the years as new forms of communication have been invented. “Every new method of connection can be used as a form of disconnection,” Williams said.Ostracism can also manifest in lesser ways: someone walking out of the room in the middle of a conversation, a friend at school looking the other way when you wave at them, or a person addressing comments from everyone in a message thread except you. “Partial ostracism,” Williams told me, might mean monosyllabic replies—a terse period at the end of a one-word text message. But in serious cases, ostracism can take a heavy toll whereby victims become anxious, withdrawn, depressed, or even suicidal. “Because we humans require social contact for our mental health, the ramifications of isolation can be severe,” Joel Cooper, a psychology professor at Princeton, told me. “In the short term, the silent treatment causes stress. In the long term, the stress can be considered abuse.”The silent treatment is a particularly insidious form of abuse because it might force the victim to reconcile with the perpetrator in an effort to end the behavior, even if the victim doesn’t know why they’re apologizing. “It’s especially controlling because it deprives both sides from weighing in,” Williams said.The silent treatment might be employed by passive personality types to avoid conflict and confrontation, while strong personality types use it to punish or control. Some people may not even consciously choose it at all. “A person may be flooded with feelings they can’t put into words, so they just shut down,” Anne Fishel, the director of the Family and Couples Therapy Program at Massachusetts General Hospital, told me. But regardless of the reason for the silent treatment, it can be received by victims as ostracism.One study found that social rejection provoked a response in its victims similar to that of victims of physical abuse; the anterior cingulate cortex area of the brain—the area thought to interpret emotion and pain—was active in both instances. “Exclusion and rejection literally hurt,” John Bargh, a psychology professor at Yale, told me.But the silent treatment ultimately harms the person causing it, too. Humans are predisposed to reciprocate social cues, so ignoring someone goes against our nature, Williams said. The perpetrator is therefore forced to justify the behaviour in order to keep doing it; they keep in mind all the reasons they’re choosing to ignore someone. Worse, the silent treatment can become addictive. The father who couldn’t force himself to speak to his son again suffered the way many addicts suffer—through repeating an activity despite knowing its harm. “Most people who start giving the silent treatment never intend for it to go on for as long as it does, but it can be very difficult to stop,” Williams told me. “It’s psychological quicksand.”Q.Which of the following is not true as per the passage?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.In the modern tapestry of human interaction, the threads of authority and obedience intertwine in a complex dance. Authority, by its very nature, wields a potent psychological influence. It can transform an otherwise resistant individual into a compliant one, altering the trajectory of their moral and ethical compass. This malleability of human will under the weight of authority is both a fascinating and disquieting aspect of social psychology.The concept of authority transcends mere power; it embodies a social contract where individuals relinquish a degree of autonomy in exchange for order and governance. Yet, this exchange can have unintended consequences, particularly when authority commands actions that clash with personal morals. Its not uncommon for individuals to carry out orders that, under normal circumstances, they would find reprehensible. The core of this phenomenon lies in the psychological shift experienced by individuals when they transition from acting autonomously to functioning as agents of authority.The dichotomy of obedience is such that it can be seen as both a virtue and a vice. On one hand, it is the glue that holds social structures together; on the other, it can lead to the perpetration of great injustices. The role of authority is central in this respect, as it has the capacity to diminish personal accountability, absolving individuals of the guilt normally associated with unethical actions. This dissociation of action and conscience is a key aspect of obedience that warrants thorough exploration.Exploring the dynamics of obedience necessitates a departure from theoretical discourse to empirical analysis. A controlled laboratory setting can yield invaluable insights into the conditions that foster obedience and those that precipitate defiance. These experiments, while conducted in an artificial environment, are not detached from reality. Instead, they represent an amplification of everyday interactions, distilled to their fundamental elements. The challenge lies in designing these experiments to reflect the essence of obedience, capturing the psychological transformation that occurs when an individual submits to authority.The implications of such studies extend far beyond the confines of the laboratory. The principles of obedience to authority are relevant in a myriad of contexts, from the military to the corporate world, from classrooms to government. Understanding how and why individuals obey is crucial to unraveling both the triumphs and tragedies of human history.Q. What is the primary concern expressed by the author regarding the relationship between authority and individual action?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.In the modern tapestry of human interaction, the threads of authority and obedience intertwine in a complex dance. Authority, by its very nature, wields a potent psychological influence. It can transform an otherwise resistant individual into a compliant one, altering the trajectory of their moral and ethical compass. This malleability of human will under the weight of authority is both a fascinating and disquieting aspect of social psychology.The concept of authority transcends mere power; it embodies a social contract where individuals relinquish a degree of autonomy in exchange for order and governance. Yet, this exchange can have unintended consequences, particularly when authority commands actions that clash with personal morals. Its not uncommon for individuals to carry out orders that, under normal circumstances, they would find reprehensible. The core of this phenomenon lies in the psychological shift experienced by individuals when they transition from acting autonomously to functioning as agents of authority.The dichotomy of obedience is such that it can be seen as both a virtue and a vice. On one hand, it is the glue that holds social structures together; on the other, it can lead to the perpetration of great injustices. The role of authority is central in this respect, as it has the capacity to diminish personal accountability, absolving individuals of the guilt normally associated with unethical actions. This dissociation of action and conscience is a key aspect of obedience that warrants thorough exploration.Exploring the dynamics of obedience necessitates a departure from theoretical discourse to empirical analysis. A controlled laboratory setting can yield invaluable insights into the conditions that foster obedience and those that precipitate defiance. These experiments, while conducted in an artificial environment, are not detached from reality. Instead, they represent an amplification of everyday interactions, distilled to their fundamental elements. The challenge lies in designing these experiments to reflect the essence of obedience, capturing the psychological transformation that occurs when an individual submits to authority.The implications of such studies extend far beyond the confines of the laboratory. The principles of obedience to authority are relevant in a myriad of contexts, from the military to the corporate world, from classrooms to government. Understanding how and why individuals obey is crucial to unraveling both the triumphs and tragedies of human history.Q. In the context of the passage, how does the author view the role of obedience in society?

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Answer the question based on the passage given below. Type in the correct option number as your answer.Why do good, ordinary people sometimes become perpetrators of evil? The most extreme transformation of this kind is, of course, the story of Gods favorite angel, Lucifer - a story that has set the context for my psychological investigations into lesser human transformations in response to the corrosive influence of powerful situational forces. Such forces exist in many common behavioral contexts, distorting our usual good nature by pushing us to engage in deviant, destructive, or evil behavior. When embedded in new and unfamiliar settings, our habitual ways of thinking, feeling, and acting no longer function to sustain the moral compass that has guided us reliably in the past.Which of the following is the most likely inference from the passage?a)An individuals inner nature, dispositions, and personality traits are the primary and often the sole factors in understanding human failings.b)While most people are good most of the time, they can readily be led to act anti-socially, if situational forces influence their behavior.c)It is easy for ordinary people to be seduced into engaging in evil deeds, or to be passively indifferent to the suffering of others.d)Power situational forces force a rejection of the moral compass in individuals and they can turn permanently evil.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Answer the question based on the passage given below. Type in the correct option number as your answer.Why do good, ordinary people sometimes become perpetrators of evil? The most extreme transformation of this kind is, of course, the story of Gods favorite angel, Lucifer - a story that has set the context for my psychological investigations into lesser human transformations in response to the corrosive influence of powerful situational forces. Such forces exist in many common behavioral contexts, distorting our usual good nature by pushing us to engage in deviant, destructive, or evil behavior. When embedded in new and unfamiliar settings, our habitual ways of thinking, feeling, and acting no longer function to sustain the moral compass that has guided us reliably in the past.Which of the following is the most likely inference from the passage?a)An individuals inner nature, dispositions, and personality traits are the primary and often the sole factors in understanding human failings.b)While most people are good most of the time, they can readily be led to act anti-socially, if situational forces influence their behavior.c)It is easy for ordinary people to be seduced into engaging in evil deeds, or to be passively indifferent to the suffering of others.d)Power situational forces force a rejection of the moral compass in individuals and they can turn permanently evil.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for CAT 2024 is part of CAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CAT exam syllabus. Information about Answer the question based on the passage given below. Type in the correct option number as your answer.Why do good, ordinary people sometimes become perpetrators of evil? The most extreme transformation of this kind is, of course, the story of Gods favorite angel, Lucifer - a story that has set the context for my psychological investigations into lesser human transformations in response to the corrosive influence of powerful situational forces. Such forces exist in many common behavioral contexts, distorting our usual good nature by pushing us to engage in deviant, destructive, or evil behavior. When embedded in new and unfamiliar settings, our habitual ways of thinking, feeling, and acting no longer function to sustain the moral compass that has guided us reliably in the past.Which of the following is the most likely inference from the passage?a)An individuals inner nature, dispositions, and personality traits are the primary and often the sole factors in understanding human failings.b)While most people are good most of the time, they can readily be led to act anti-socially, if situational forces influence their behavior.c)It is easy for ordinary people to be seduced into engaging in evil deeds, or to be passively indifferent to the suffering of others.d)Power situational forces force a rejection of the moral compass in individuals and they can turn permanently evil.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CAT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Answer the question based on the passage given below. Type in the correct option number as your answer.Why do good, ordinary people sometimes become perpetrators of evil? The most extreme transformation of this kind is, of course, the story of Gods favorite angel, Lucifer - a story that has set the context for my psychological investigations into lesser human transformations in response to the corrosive influence of powerful situational forces. Such forces exist in many common behavioral contexts, distorting our usual good nature by pushing us to engage in deviant, destructive, or evil behavior. When embedded in new and unfamiliar settings, our habitual ways of thinking, feeling, and acting no longer function to sustain the moral compass that has guided us reliably in the past.Which of the following is the most likely inference from the passage?a)An individuals inner nature, dispositions, and personality traits are the primary and often the sole factors in understanding human failings.b)While most people are good most of the time, they can readily be led to act anti-socially, if situational forces influence their behavior.c)It is easy for ordinary people to be seduced into engaging in evil deeds, or to be passively indifferent to the suffering of others.d)Power situational forces force a rejection of the moral compass in individuals and they can turn permanently evil.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for Answer the question based on the passage given below. Type in the correct option number as your answer.Why do good, ordinary people sometimes become perpetrators of evil? The most extreme transformation of this kind is, of course, the story of Gods favorite angel, Lucifer - a story that has set the context for my psychological investigations into lesser human transformations in response to the corrosive influence of powerful situational forces. Such forces exist in many common behavioral contexts, distorting our usual good nature by pushing us to engage in deviant, destructive, or evil behavior. When embedded in new and unfamiliar settings, our habitual ways of thinking, feeling, and acting no longer function to sustain the moral compass that has guided us reliably in the past.Which of the following is the most likely inference from the passage?a)An individuals inner nature, dispositions, and personality traits are the primary and often the sole factors in understanding human failings.b)While most people are good most of the time, they can readily be led to act anti-socially, if situational forces influence their behavior.c)It is easy for ordinary people to be seduced into engaging in evil deeds, or to be passively indifferent to the suffering of others.d)Power situational forces force a rejection of the moral compass in individuals and they can turn permanently evil.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for CAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for CAT Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of Answer the question based on the passage given below. Type in the correct option number as your answer.Why do good, ordinary people sometimes become perpetrators of evil? The most extreme transformation of this kind is, of course, the story of Gods favorite angel, Lucifer - a story that has set the context for my psychological investigations into lesser human transformations in response to the corrosive influence of powerful situational forces. Such forces exist in many common behavioral contexts, distorting our usual good nature by pushing us to engage in deviant, destructive, or evil behavior. When embedded in new and unfamiliar settings, our habitual ways of thinking, feeling, and acting no longer function to sustain the moral compass that has guided us reliably in the past.Which of the following is the most likely inference from the passage?a)An individuals inner nature, dispositions, and personality traits are the primary and often the sole factors in understanding human failings.b)While most people are good most of the time, they can readily be led to act anti-socially, if situational forces influence their behavior.c)It is easy for ordinary people to be seduced into engaging in evil deeds, or to be passively indifferent to the suffering of others.d)Power situational forces force a rejection of the moral compass in individuals and they can turn permanently evil.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Answer the question based on the passage given below. Type in the correct option number as your answer.Why do good, ordinary people sometimes become perpetrators of evil? The most extreme transformation of this kind is, of course, the story of Gods favorite angel, Lucifer - a story that has set the context for my psychological investigations into lesser human transformations in response to the corrosive influence of powerful situational forces. Such forces exist in many common behavioral contexts, distorting our usual good nature by pushing us to engage in deviant, destructive, or evil behavior. When embedded in new and unfamiliar settings, our habitual ways of thinking, feeling, and acting no longer function to sustain the moral compass that has guided us reliably in the past.Which of the following is the most likely inference from the passage?a)An individuals inner nature, dispositions, and personality traits are the primary and often the sole factors in understanding human failings.b)While most people are good most of the time, they can readily be led to act anti-socially, if situational forces influence their behavior.c)It is easy for ordinary people to be seduced into engaging in evil deeds, or to be passively indifferent to the suffering of others.d)Power situational forces force a rejection of the moral compass in individuals and they can turn permanently evil.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Answer the question based on the passage given below. Type in the correct option number as your answer.Why do good, ordinary people sometimes become perpetrators of evil? The most extreme transformation of this kind is, of course, the story of Gods favorite angel, Lucifer - a story that has set the context for my psychological investigations into lesser human transformations in response to the corrosive influence of powerful situational forces. Such forces exist in many common behavioral contexts, distorting our usual good nature by pushing us to engage in deviant, destructive, or evil behavior. When embedded in new and unfamiliar settings, our habitual ways of thinking, feeling, and acting no longer function to sustain the moral compass that has guided us reliably in the past.Which of the following is the most likely inference from the passage?a)An individuals inner nature, dispositions, and personality traits are the primary and often the sole factors in understanding human failings.b)While most people are good most of the time, they can readily be led to act anti-socially, if situational forces influence their behavior.c)It is easy for ordinary people to be seduced into engaging in evil deeds, or to be passively indifferent to the suffering of others.d)Power situational forces force a rejection of the moral compass in individuals and they can turn permanently evil.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Answer the question based on the passage given below. Type in the correct option number as your answer.Why do good, ordinary people sometimes become perpetrators of evil? The most extreme transformation of this kind is, of course, the story of Gods favorite angel, Lucifer - a story that has set the context for my psychological investigations into lesser human transformations in response to the corrosive influence of powerful situational forces. Such forces exist in many common behavioral contexts, distorting our usual good nature by pushing us to engage in deviant, destructive, or evil behavior. When embedded in new and unfamiliar settings, our habitual ways of thinking, feeling, and acting no longer function to sustain the moral compass that has guided us reliably in the past.Which of the following is the most likely inference from the passage?a)An individuals inner nature, dispositions, and personality traits are the primary and often the sole factors in understanding human failings.b)While most people are good most of the time, they can readily be led to act anti-socially, if situational forces influence their behavior.c)It is easy for ordinary people to be seduced into engaging in evil deeds, or to be passively indifferent to the suffering of others.d)Power situational forces force a rejection of the moral compass in individuals and they can turn permanently evil.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Answer the question based on the passage given below. Type in the correct option number as your answer.Why do good, ordinary people sometimes become perpetrators of evil? The most extreme transformation of this kind is, of course, the story of Gods favorite angel, Lucifer - a story that has set the context for my psychological investigations into lesser human transformations in response to the corrosive influence of powerful situational forces. Such forces exist in many common behavioral contexts, distorting our usual good nature by pushing us to engage in deviant, destructive, or evil behavior. When embedded in new and unfamiliar settings, our habitual ways of thinking, feeling, and acting no longer function to sustain the moral compass that has guided us reliably in the past.Which of the following is the most likely inference from the passage?a)An individuals inner nature, dispositions, and personality traits are the primary and often the sole factors in understanding human failings.b)While most people are good most of the time, they can readily be led to act anti-socially, if situational forces influence their behavior.c)It is easy for ordinary people to be seduced into engaging in evil deeds, or to be passively indifferent to the suffering of others.d)Power situational forces force a rejection of the moral compass in individuals and they can turn permanently evil.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice CAT tests.
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