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Water, electricity, transport, education, health, financial transactions — the average rural resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the average urban resident. The poor urban resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the rich urban resident. Stated differently, since some services have been outsourced, so to speak, the relatively rich person has more time to spend on more “productive” pursuits. Conversely, the relatively poor person spends a lot of time on “unproductive” pursuits that are unnecessarily in-sourced. Isn’t it surprising that there is little research in India on what poor people spend their time on? If you are poor, you will spend more of your income on food. If you are rich, you will have more discretionary income. There is plenty of stuff on distribution of consumption expenditure, nothing on distribution of time. Part of the reason is lack of data, since the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) asks questions on consumption expenditure, not on time expended. But surely it would be interesting to obtain answers to such questions?
Does it make a difference? Low per capita consumption expenditure and high share of time spent on unproductive pursuits are likely to be correlated. If nothing else, it makes a difference in terms of mindset. Consumption and income are outcomes of a process of engaging with the labour market. Time is more in the nature of an input. We have plenty of public expenditure schemes for what can broadly be called public goods and services. If we focus on consumption expenditure, the mindset is one of enhancing consumption expenditure and income and therefore, the lens becomes one of income transfers and subsidies, rather than the causes of low consumption expenditure or income. If, in addition (not as a replacement), we focus on time, we will begin to recognise that in-sourcing occurs because of a lack of collective goods. Whether it is Union or state resources, the kitty for public expenditure is limited. Because of market failures, there is scope for private-sector engagement in such areas, but it is also limited. Therefore, there is a question of prioritisation in the expenditure of public resources.
 
 
Q. What is the author's tone in the above passage?
  • a)
    Mocking
  • b)
    Intense
  • c)
    Forthright
  • d)
    Indignant
  • e)
    Cynical 
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Water, electricity, transport, education, health, financial transactio...
The author of the passage has adopted a forthright tone that is direct, frank and without hesitation. Throughout the passage, the author brings up various points which question the authorities of the country and their system. Option 3 is correct.
The passage does not make fun of anything. So, eliminate option 1.
The passage does not focus upon serious topics throughout. So, eliminate option 2.
The passage does not reflect anger towards the issue. So, eliminate option 4.
Since the passage neither has a mocking tone nor an indignant tone, it cannot have a cynical tone either. So, eliminate option 5.
Hence, the correct answer is option 3.
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Most Upvoted Answer
Water, electricity, transport, education, health, financial transactio...
Understanding the Author's Tone
The tone of the passage can be analyzed through its language, intent, and the overall message conveyed.
1. Forthrightness in Expression
- The author clearly articulates their views on the disparity in time spent on various pursuits between urban and rural residents as well as between rich and poor urban residents.
- The use of straightforward language to present observations about consumption expenditure versus time expenditure indicates a direct approach.
2. Emphasis on Research Gaps
- The author highlights the lack of research on how poor people spend their time, which is presented as a significant oversight.
- This focus suggests a commitment to uncovering deeper insights into economic behaviors rather than merely discussing surface-level statistics on consumption.
3. Proposing a Shift in Focus
- The author advocates for a shift in how public resources are prioritized, suggesting that understanding time expenditure could lead to better policy-making.
- This indicates a serious engagement with the topic, aiming for constructive dialogue rather than mockery or cynicism.
4. Call for Action
- The mention of market failures and the potential for private-sector engagement implies a proactive stance, aiming to address the issues rather than criticize them.
- The author’s tone encourages a re-evaluation of how resources are allocated, demonstrating a clear intention to inspire change.
Conclusion
The author's tone is forthright, characterized by a direct and earnest exploration of socio-economic issues. They aim to present a nuanced understanding of time and resource allocation, advocating for informed discussions that could lead to meaningful improvements in public policy.
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Group QuestionThe passage given below is followed by a set of questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.Water, electricity, transport, education, health, financial transactions the average rural resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the average urban resident. The poor urban resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the rich urban resident. Stated differently, since some services have been outsourced, so to speak, the relatively rich person has more time to spend on more productive pursuits. Conversely, the relatively poor person spends a lot of time on unproductive pursuits that are unnecessarily in-sourced. Isnt it surprising that there is little research in India on what poor people spend their time on? If you are poor, you will spend more of your income on food. If you are rich, you will have more discretionary income. There is plenty of stuff on distribution of consumption expenditure, nothing on distribution of time. Part of the reason is lack of data, since the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) asks questions on consumption expenditure, not on time expended. But surely it would be interesting to obtain answers to such questions?Does it make a difference? Low per capita consumption expenditure and high share of time spent on unproductive pursuits are likely to be correlated. If nothing else, it makes a difference in terms of mindset. Consumption and income are outcomes of a process of engaging with the labour market. Time is more in the nature of an input. We have plenty of public expenditure schemes for what can broadly be called public goods and services. If we focus on consumption expenditure, the mindset is one of enhancing consumption expenditure and income and therefore, the lens becomes one of income transfers and subsidies, rather than the causes of low consumption expenditure or income. If, in addition (not as a replacement), we focus on time, we will begin to recognise that in-sourcing occurs because of a lack of collective goods. Whether it is Union or state resources, the kitty for public expenditure is limited. Because of market failures, there is scope for private-sector engagement in such areas, but it is also limited. Therefore, there is a question of prioritisation in the expenditure of public resources.Q. What is the central idea of the passage?

Water, electricity, transport, education, health, financial transactions the average rural resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the average urban resident. The poor urban resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the rich urban resident. Stated differently, since some services have been outsourced, so to speak, the relatively rich person has more time to spend on more productive pursuits. Conversely, the relatively poor person spends a lot of time on unproductive pursuits that are unnecessarily in-sourced. Isnt it surprising that there is little research in India on what poor people spend their time on? If you are poor, you will spend more of your income on food. If you are rich, you will have more discretionary income. There is plenty of stuff on distribution of consumption expenditure, nothing on distribution of time. Part of the reason is lack of data, since the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) asks questions on consumption expenditure, not on time expended. But surely it would be interesting to obtain answers to such questions?Does it make a difference? Low per capita consumption expenditure and high share of time spent on unproductive pursuits are likely to be correlated. If nothing else, it makes a difference in terms of mindset. Consumption and income are outcomes of a process of engaging with the labour market. Time is more in the nature of an input. We have plenty of public expenditure schemes for what can broadly be called public goods and services. If we focus on consumption expenditure, the mindset is one of enhancing consumption expenditure and income and therefore, the lens becomes one of income transfers and subsidies, rather than the causes of low consumption expenditure or income. If, in addition (not as a replacement), we focus on time, we will begin to recognise that in-sourcing occurs because of a lack of collective goods. Whether it is Union or state resources, the kitty for public expenditure is limited. Because of market failures, there is scope for private-sector engagement in such areas, but it is also limited. Therefore, there is a question of prioritisation in the expenditure of public resources.Q. What is the antonym of the word expend?

Water, electricity, transport, education, health, financial transactions the average rural resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the average urban resident. The poor urban resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the rich urban resident. Stated differently, since some services have been outsourced, so to speak, the relatively rich person has more time to spend on more productive pursuits. Conversely, the relatively poor person spends a lot of time on unproductive pursuits that are unnecessarily in-sourced. Isnt it surprising that there is little research in India on what poor people spend their time on? If you are poor, you will spend more of your income on food. If you are rich, you will have more discretionary income. There is plenty of stuff on distribution of consumption expenditure, nothing on distribution of time. Part of the reason is lack of data, since the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) asks questions on consumption expenditure, not on time expended. But surely it would be interesting to obtain answers to such questions?Does it make a difference? Low per capita consumption expenditure and high share of time spent on unproductive pursuits are likely to be correlated. If nothing else, it makes a difference in terms of mindset. Consumption and income are outcomes of a process of engaging with the labour market. Time is more in the nature of an input. We have plenty of public expenditure schemes for what can broadly be called public goods and services. If we focus on consumption expenditure, the mindset is one of enhancing consumption expenditure and income and therefore, the lens becomes one of income transfers and subsidies, rather than the causes of low consumption expenditure or income. If, in addition (not as a replacement), we focus on time, we will begin to recognise that in-sourcing occurs because of a lack of collective goods. Whether it is Union or state resources, the kitty for public expenditure is limited. Because of market failures, there is scope for private-sector engagement in such areas, but it is also limited. Therefore, there is a question of prioritisation in the expenditure of public resources.Q. What can be inferred from the statement Consumption and income are outcomes of a process of engaging with the labour market?

Answer the questions based on the following information :Rahul is sales manager of XYZ Computers Ltd. and looks after Delhi market. The company sells laptops in India. He is currently trying to select a distributor for coming five years. The distributor ensures that the products are accessible to the customers in the market. Market share of a company depends on the coverage by the distributor. The total profit potential of the entire laptop market in Delhi is Rs. 5 crores in the current year and present value of next four years’ cumulative profit potential is Rs. 15 crores. The first choice for Rahul is to enter into long-term contract with a distributor M/s Jayshree with whom XYZ company has done business in the past, and whose distribution system reaches 55 percent of all potential customers. At the last moment, however, a colleague suggests Rahul to consider signing a oneyear contract with other distributors. Distributors M/s Bola and M/s James are willing to be partner with Dubin. Although a year ago M/s Bola’s and M/s James’s coverage reached only 40 and 25 percent of customers respectively, they claim to have invested heavily in distribution resources and now expect to be able to reach 60 percent and 75 percent of customers respectively. The probability of M/s Bola’s claim and M/s James’s claim to be true is 0.60 and 0.20 respectively. The knowledge about distributors’ coverage will evolve over time. The assumption is that the true level of coverage offered by the new distributors could be discovered, with certainty, through a one-year trail, and this trail will reveal exactly one of the two levels of coverage: for example in case of M/s Bola – 40 percent (as it was last year) or 60 percent (as claime d). In addition, it is also assumed that whatever the coverage is for both distributors, it will not change over time. Rahul narrows down on three choices, which are as follows:Choice 1. Give a five year contract to the familiar distributor M/s Jayshree.Choice 2. Give a one year contract to the new distributor M/s Bola, and base next year’s decision to renew contract with M/s Bola on observed coverage for next four years or enter into a four years contract with M/s Jayshree.Choice 3. Give a one-year contract to the new distributor M/s James, and base next year’s decision to renew contract with M/s James on observed coverage for next four years or enter into a four years contract with M/s Jayshree..Q.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Answer the questions based on the following information :Rahul is sales manager of XYZ Computers Ltd. and looks after Delhi market. The company sells laptops in India. He is currently trying to select a distributor for coming five years. The distributor ensures that the products are accessible to the customers in the market. Market share of a company depends on the coverage by the distributor. The total profit potential of the entire laptop market in Delhi is Rs. 5 crores in the current year and present value of next four years’ cumulative profit potential is Rs. 15 crores. The first choice for Rahul is to enter into long-term contract with a distributor M/s Jayshree with whom XYZ company has done business in the past, and whose distribution system reaches 55 percent of all potential customers. At the last moment, however, a colleague suggests Rahul to consider signing a oneyear contract with other distributors. Distributors M/s Bola and M/s James are willing to be partner with Dubin. Although a year ago M/s Bola’s and M/s James’s coverage reached only 40 and 25 percent of customers respectively, they claim to have invested heavily in distribution resources and now expect to be able to reach 60 percent and 75 percent of customers respectively. The probability of M/s Bola’s claim and M/s James’s claim to be true is 0.60 and 0.20 respectively. The knowledge about distributors’ coverage will evolve over time. The assumption is that the true level of coverage offered by the new distributors could be discovered, with certainty, through a one-year trail, and this trail will reveal exactly one of the two levels of coverage: for example in case of M/s Bola – 40 percent (as it was last year) or 60 percent (as claime d). In addition, it is also assumed that whatever the coverage is for both distributors, it will not change over time. Rahul narrows down on three choices, which are as follows:Choice 1. Give a five year contract to the familiar distributor M/s Jayshree.Choice 2. Give a one year contract to the new distributor M/s Bola, and base next year’s decision to renew contract with M/s Bola on observed coverage for next four years or enter into a four years contract with M/s Jayshree.Choice 3. Give a one-year contract to the new distributor M/s James, and base next year’s decision to renew contract with M/s James on observed coverage for next four years or enter into a four years contract with M/s Jayshree..Q. The expected present value of the five years cumulative profit with choice 3 is

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Water, electricity, transport, education, health, financial transactions the average rural resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the average urban resident. The poor urban resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the rich urban resident. Stated differently, since some services have been outsourced, so to speak, the relatively rich person has more time to spend on more productive pursuits. Conversely, the relatively poor person spends a lot of time on unproductive pursuits that are unnecessarily in-sourced. Isnt it surprising that there is little research in India on what poor people spend their time on? If you are poor, you will spend more of your income on food. If you are rich, you will have more discretionary income. There is plenty of stuff on distribution of consumption expenditure, nothing on distribution of time. Part of the reason is lack of data, since the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) asks questions on consumption expenditure, not on time expended. But surely it would be interesting to obtain answers to such questions?Does it make a difference? Low per capita consumption expenditure and high share of time spent on unproductive pursuits are likely to be correlated. If nothing else, it makes a difference in terms of mindset. Consumption and income are outcomes of a process of engaging with the labour market. Time is more in the nature of an input. We have plenty of public expenditure schemes for what can broadly be called public goods and services. If we focus on consumption expenditure, the mindset is one of enhancing consumption expenditure and income and therefore, the lens becomes one of income transfers and subsidies, rather than the causes of low consumption expenditure or income. If, in addition (not as a replacement), we focus on time, we will begin to recognise that in-sourcing occurs because of a lack of collective goods. Whether it is Union or state resources, the kitty for public expenditure is limited. Because of market failures, there is scope for private-sector engagement in such areas, but it is also limited. Therefore, there is a question of prioritisation in the expenditure of public resources.Q. What is the authors tone in the above passage?a)Mockingb)Intensec)Forthrightd)Indignante)CynicalCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Water, electricity, transport, education, health, financial transactions the average rural resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the average urban resident. The poor urban resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the rich urban resident. Stated differently, since some services have been outsourced, so to speak, the relatively rich person has more time to spend on more productive pursuits. Conversely, the relatively poor person spends a lot of time on unproductive pursuits that are unnecessarily in-sourced. Isnt it surprising that there is little research in India on what poor people spend their time on? If you are poor, you will spend more of your income on food. If you are rich, you will have more discretionary income. There is plenty of stuff on distribution of consumption expenditure, nothing on distribution of time. Part of the reason is lack of data, since the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) asks questions on consumption expenditure, not on time expended. But surely it would be interesting to obtain answers to such questions?Does it make a difference? Low per capita consumption expenditure and high share of time spent on unproductive pursuits are likely to be correlated. If nothing else, it makes a difference in terms of mindset. Consumption and income are outcomes of a process of engaging with the labour market. Time is more in the nature of an input. We have plenty of public expenditure schemes for what can broadly be called public goods and services. If we focus on consumption expenditure, the mindset is one of enhancing consumption expenditure and income and therefore, the lens becomes one of income transfers and subsidies, rather than the causes of low consumption expenditure or income. If, in addition (not as a replacement), we focus on time, we will begin to recognise that in-sourcing occurs because of a lack of collective goods. Whether it is Union or state resources, the kitty for public expenditure is limited. Because of market failures, there is scope for private-sector engagement in such areas, but it is also limited. Therefore, there is a question of prioritisation in the expenditure of public resources.Q. What is the authors tone in the above passage?a)Mockingb)Intensec)Forthrightd)Indignante)CynicalCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? for CAT 2024 is part of CAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CAT exam syllabus. Information about Water, electricity, transport, education, health, financial transactions the average rural resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the average urban resident. The poor urban resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the rich urban resident. Stated differently, since some services have been outsourced, so to speak, the relatively rich person has more time to spend on more productive pursuits. Conversely, the relatively poor person spends a lot of time on unproductive pursuits that are unnecessarily in-sourced. Isnt it surprising that there is little research in India on what poor people spend their time on? If you are poor, you will spend more of your income on food. If you are rich, you will have more discretionary income. There is plenty of stuff on distribution of consumption expenditure, nothing on distribution of time. Part of the reason is lack of data, since the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) asks questions on consumption expenditure, not on time expended. But surely it would be interesting to obtain answers to such questions?Does it make a difference? Low per capita consumption expenditure and high share of time spent on unproductive pursuits are likely to be correlated. If nothing else, it makes a difference in terms of mindset. Consumption and income are outcomes of a process of engaging with the labour market. Time is more in the nature of an input. We have plenty of public expenditure schemes for what can broadly be called public goods and services. If we focus on consumption expenditure, the mindset is one of enhancing consumption expenditure and income and therefore, the lens becomes one of income transfers and subsidies, rather than the causes of low consumption expenditure or income. If, in addition (not as a replacement), we focus on time, we will begin to recognise that in-sourcing occurs because of a lack of collective goods. Whether it is Union or state resources, the kitty for public expenditure is limited. Because of market failures, there is scope for private-sector engagement in such areas, but it is also limited. Therefore, there is a question of prioritisation in the expenditure of public resources.Q. What is the authors tone in the above passage?a)Mockingb)Intensec)Forthrightd)Indignante)CynicalCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CAT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Water, electricity, transport, education, health, financial transactions the average rural resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the average urban resident. The poor urban resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the rich urban resident. Stated differently, since some services have been outsourced, so to speak, the relatively rich person has more time to spend on more productive pursuits. Conversely, the relatively poor person spends a lot of time on unproductive pursuits that are unnecessarily in-sourced. Isnt it surprising that there is little research in India on what poor people spend their time on? If you are poor, you will spend more of your income on food. If you are rich, you will have more discretionary income. There is plenty of stuff on distribution of consumption expenditure, nothing on distribution of time. Part of the reason is lack of data, since the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) asks questions on consumption expenditure, not on time expended. But surely it would be interesting to obtain answers to such questions?Does it make a difference? Low per capita consumption expenditure and high share of time spent on unproductive pursuits are likely to be correlated. If nothing else, it makes a difference in terms of mindset. Consumption and income are outcomes of a process of engaging with the labour market. Time is more in the nature of an input. We have plenty of public expenditure schemes for what can broadly be called public goods and services. If we focus on consumption expenditure, the mindset is one of enhancing consumption expenditure and income and therefore, the lens becomes one of income transfers and subsidies, rather than the causes of low consumption expenditure or income. If, in addition (not as a replacement), we focus on time, we will begin to recognise that in-sourcing occurs because of a lack of collective goods. Whether it is Union or state resources, the kitty for public expenditure is limited. Because of market failures, there is scope for private-sector engagement in such areas, but it is also limited. Therefore, there is a question of prioritisation in the expenditure of public resources.Q. What is the authors tone in the above passage?a)Mockingb)Intensec)Forthrightd)Indignante)CynicalCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for Water, electricity, transport, education, health, financial transactions the average rural resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the average urban resident. The poor urban resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the rich urban resident. Stated differently, since some services have been outsourced, so to speak, the relatively rich person has more time to spend on more productive pursuits. Conversely, the relatively poor person spends a lot of time on unproductive pursuits that are unnecessarily in-sourced. Isnt it surprising that there is little research in India on what poor people spend their time on? If you are poor, you will spend more of your income on food. If you are rich, you will have more discretionary income. There is plenty of stuff on distribution of consumption expenditure, nothing on distribution of time. Part of the reason is lack of data, since the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) asks questions on consumption expenditure, not on time expended. But surely it would be interesting to obtain answers to such questions?Does it make a difference? Low per capita consumption expenditure and high share of time spent on unproductive pursuits are likely to be correlated. If nothing else, it makes a difference in terms of mindset. Consumption and income are outcomes of a process of engaging with the labour market. Time is more in the nature of an input. We have plenty of public expenditure schemes for what can broadly be called public goods and services. If we focus on consumption expenditure, the mindset is one of enhancing consumption expenditure and income and therefore, the lens becomes one of income transfers and subsidies, rather than the causes of low consumption expenditure or income. If, in addition (not as a replacement), we focus on time, we will begin to recognise that in-sourcing occurs because of a lack of collective goods. Whether it is Union or state resources, the kitty for public expenditure is limited. Because of market failures, there is scope for private-sector engagement in such areas, but it is also limited. Therefore, there is a question of prioritisation in the expenditure of public resources.Q. What is the authors tone in the above passage?a)Mockingb)Intensec)Forthrightd)Indignante)CynicalCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for CAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for CAT Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of Water, electricity, transport, education, health, financial transactions the average rural resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the average urban resident. The poor urban resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the rich urban resident. Stated differently, since some services have been outsourced, so to speak, the relatively rich person has more time to spend on more productive pursuits. Conversely, the relatively poor person spends a lot of time on unproductive pursuits that are unnecessarily in-sourced. Isnt it surprising that there is little research in India on what poor people spend their time on? If you are poor, you will spend more of your income on food. If you are rich, you will have more discretionary income. There is plenty of stuff on distribution of consumption expenditure, nothing on distribution of time. Part of the reason is lack of data, since the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) asks questions on consumption expenditure, not on time expended. But surely it would be interesting to obtain answers to such questions?Does it make a difference? Low per capita consumption expenditure and high share of time spent on unproductive pursuits are likely to be correlated. If nothing else, it makes a difference in terms of mindset. Consumption and income are outcomes of a process of engaging with the labour market. Time is more in the nature of an input. We have plenty of public expenditure schemes for what can broadly be called public goods and services. If we focus on consumption expenditure, the mindset is one of enhancing consumption expenditure and income and therefore, the lens becomes one of income transfers and subsidies, rather than the causes of low consumption expenditure or income. If, in addition (not as a replacement), we focus on time, we will begin to recognise that in-sourcing occurs because of a lack of collective goods. Whether it is Union or state resources, the kitty for public expenditure is limited. Because of market failures, there is scope for private-sector engagement in such areas, but it is also limited. Therefore, there is a question of prioritisation in the expenditure of public resources.Q. What is the authors tone in the above passage?a)Mockingb)Intensec)Forthrightd)Indignante)CynicalCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Water, electricity, transport, education, health, financial transactions the average rural resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the average urban resident. The poor urban resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the rich urban resident. Stated differently, since some services have been outsourced, so to speak, the relatively rich person has more time to spend on more productive pursuits. Conversely, the relatively poor person spends a lot of time on unproductive pursuits that are unnecessarily in-sourced. Isnt it surprising that there is little research in India on what poor people spend their time on? If you are poor, you will spend more of your income on food. If you are rich, you will have more discretionary income. There is plenty of stuff on distribution of consumption expenditure, nothing on distribution of time. Part of the reason is lack of data, since the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) asks questions on consumption expenditure, not on time expended. But surely it would be interesting to obtain answers to such questions?Does it make a difference? Low per capita consumption expenditure and high share of time spent on unproductive pursuits are likely to be correlated. If nothing else, it makes a difference in terms of mindset. Consumption and income are outcomes of a process of engaging with the labour market. Time is more in the nature of an input. We have plenty of public expenditure schemes for what can broadly be called public goods and services. If we focus on consumption expenditure, the mindset is one of enhancing consumption expenditure and income and therefore, the lens becomes one of income transfers and subsidies, rather than the causes of low consumption expenditure or income. If, in addition (not as a replacement), we focus on time, we will begin to recognise that in-sourcing occurs because of a lack of collective goods. Whether it is Union or state resources, the kitty for public expenditure is limited. Because of market failures, there is scope for private-sector engagement in such areas, but it is also limited. Therefore, there is a question of prioritisation in the expenditure of public resources.Q. What is the authors tone in the above passage?a)Mockingb)Intensec)Forthrightd)Indignante)CynicalCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Water, electricity, transport, education, health, financial transactions the average rural resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the average urban resident. The poor urban resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the rich urban resident. Stated differently, since some services have been outsourced, so to speak, the relatively rich person has more time to spend on more productive pursuits. Conversely, the relatively poor person spends a lot of time on unproductive pursuits that are unnecessarily in-sourced. Isnt it surprising that there is little research in India on what poor people spend their time on? If you are poor, you will spend more of your income on food. If you are rich, you will have more discretionary income. There is plenty of stuff on distribution of consumption expenditure, nothing on distribution of time. Part of the reason is lack of data, since the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) asks questions on consumption expenditure, not on time expended. But surely it would be interesting to obtain answers to such questions?Does it make a difference? Low per capita consumption expenditure and high share of time spent on unproductive pursuits are likely to be correlated. If nothing else, it makes a difference in terms of mindset. Consumption and income are outcomes of a process of engaging with the labour market. Time is more in the nature of an input. We have plenty of public expenditure schemes for what can broadly be called public goods and services. If we focus on consumption expenditure, the mindset is one of enhancing consumption expenditure and income and therefore, the lens becomes one of income transfers and subsidies, rather than the causes of low consumption expenditure or income. If, in addition (not as a replacement), we focus on time, we will begin to recognise that in-sourcing occurs because of a lack of collective goods. Whether it is Union or state resources, the kitty for public expenditure is limited. Because of market failures, there is scope for private-sector engagement in such areas, but it is also limited. Therefore, there is a question of prioritisation in the expenditure of public resources.Q. What is the authors tone in the above passage?a)Mockingb)Intensec)Forthrightd)Indignante)CynicalCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Water, electricity, transport, education, health, financial transactions the average rural resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the average urban resident. The poor urban resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the rich urban resident. Stated differently, since some services have been outsourced, so to speak, the relatively rich person has more time to spend on more productive pursuits. Conversely, the relatively poor person spends a lot of time on unproductive pursuits that are unnecessarily in-sourced. Isnt it surprising that there is little research in India on what poor people spend their time on? If you are poor, you will spend more of your income on food. If you are rich, you will have more discretionary income. There is plenty of stuff on distribution of consumption expenditure, nothing on distribution of time. Part of the reason is lack of data, since the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) asks questions on consumption expenditure, not on time expended. But surely it would be interesting to obtain answers to such questions?Does it make a difference? Low per capita consumption expenditure and high share of time spent on unproductive pursuits are likely to be correlated. If nothing else, it makes a difference in terms of mindset. Consumption and income are outcomes of a process of engaging with the labour market. Time is more in the nature of an input. We have plenty of public expenditure schemes for what can broadly be called public goods and services. If we focus on consumption expenditure, the mindset is one of enhancing consumption expenditure and income and therefore, the lens becomes one of income transfers and subsidies, rather than the causes of low consumption expenditure or income. If, in addition (not as a replacement), we focus on time, we will begin to recognise that in-sourcing occurs because of a lack of collective goods. Whether it is Union or state resources, the kitty for public expenditure is limited. Because of market failures, there is scope for private-sector engagement in such areas, but it is also limited. Therefore, there is a question of prioritisation in the expenditure of public resources.Q. What is the authors tone in the above passage?a)Mockingb)Intensec)Forthrightd)Indignante)CynicalCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Water, electricity, transport, education, health, financial transactions the average rural resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the average urban resident. The poor urban resident spends much more time on these pursuits than the rich urban resident. Stated differently, since some services have been outsourced, so to speak, the relatively rich person has more time to spend on more productive pursuits. Conversely, the relatively poor person spends a lot of time on unproductive pursuits that are unnecessarily in-sourced. Isnt it surprising that there is little research in India on what poor people spend their time on? If you are poor, you will spend more of your income on food. If you are rich, you will have more discretionary income. There is plenty of stuff on distribution of consumption expenditure, nothing on distribution of time. Part of the reason is lack of data, since the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) asks questions on consumption expenditure, not on time expended. But surely it would be interesting to obtain answers to such questions?Does it make a difference? Low per capita consumption expenditure and high share of time spent on unproductive pursuits are likely to be correlated. If nothing else, it makes a difference in terms of mindset. Consumption and income are outcomes of a process of engaging with the labour market. Time is more in the nature of an input. We have plenty of public expenditure schemes for what can broadly be called public goods and services. If we focus on consumption expenditure, the mindset is one of enhancing consumption expenditure and income and therefore, the lens becomes one of income transfers and subsidies, rather than the causes of low consumption expenditure or income. If, in addition (not as a replacement), we focus on time, we will begin to recognise that in-sourcing occurs because of a lack of collective goods. Whether it is Union or state resources, the kitty for public expenditure is limited. Because of market failures, there is scope for private-sector engagement in such areas, but it is also limited. Therefore, there is a question of prioritisation in the expenditure of public resources.Q. What is the authors tone in the above passage?a)Mockingb)Intensec)Forthrightd)Indignante)CynicalCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice CAT tests.
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