The Answer:
In Russia, the term "Kulaks" referred to well-to-do peasants. This statement is true as Kulaks were a social class of prosperous peasants who owned larger farms and had accumulated wealth.

Explanation:
In the early 20th century, Russia was primarily an agrarian society, and the majority of its population were peasants. Peasants were categorized into several social classes based on their land ownership and economic status.

1. Peasant Social Classes:
- Poor Peasants: These peasants were often landless or had very small plots of land, and they struggled to make a living. They were the most numerous group among the peasants.
- Middle Peasants: Middle peasants owned slightly larger plots of land compared to the poor peasants and had a relatively stable income.
- Kulaks: Kulaks were the wealthiest and most prosperous peasants. They owned larger farms, had more land, and often employed hired laborers. They were considered the upper class among peasants.

2. Kulaks and their Characteristics:
- Accumulated Wealth: Kulaks had accumulated wealth through successful farming practices, efficient management of their land, and sometimes through trade or other business ventures.
- Larger Farms: Unlike poor and middle peasants, Kulaks owned larger farms with extensive land holdings. They could afford to invest in modern farming techniques and machinery.
- Hired Laborers: Kulaks often hired laborers to work on their farms, as their landholdings and economic resources allowed them to do so.
- Prosperity: Due to their economic prosperity, Kulaks had a higher standard of living compared to other peasant classes. They had better housing, more livestock, and access to resources that were not available to poor or middle peasants.

3. The Soviet Era and Decline of Kulaks:
During the Soviet era, the government implemented collectivization policies that aimed to consolidate agricultural production. These policies aimed to eliminate private ownership of land and establish collective farms. The Kulaks, being wealthy peasants, were seen as a threat to the communist ideology and were targeted by the government.

4. Repression and Confiscation:
The Soviet government repressed the Kulaks through various means, including confiscation of their land, livestock, and other resources. Many Kulaks were labeled as "enemies of the people" and were persecuted, deported, or sent to labor camps.

Conclusion:
In Russia, Kulaks were indeed well-to-do peasants who owned larger farms and had accumulated wealth. However, during the Soviet era, they were targeted by the government and faced repression, leading to the decline of their social class.