Topsoil - 1. Topsoil is the uppermost layer of soil.
2. It is dark in colour.
3. It is soft , porous, and can retain water.
Subsoil - 1. This is the middle layer. 2. It contains less humus or organic matter.
3. This layer is harder and more compact.

Top Soil:
Topsoil is the uppermost layer of the soil, typically 2-8 inches deep. It is composed of organic matter, minerals, and microorganisms that support plant growth. Topsoil is rich in nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are essential for plant growth. It is also rich in organic matter, which provides a source of energy for soil microorganisms and helps to improve soil structure. Topsoil is the primary layer for agriculture and gardening.

Sub Soil:
Subsoil is the layer of soil that lies beneath the topsoil and above the bedrock. It is usually composed of largely inorganic materials, such as clay, gravel, and sand. The subsoil is typically less fertile than the topsoil, and it does not contain as much organic matter. The subsoil is generally harder and more compact than the topsoil due to the lack of organic matter. In addition, the subsoil is important for its ability to store and transport water.

Differences between Top Soil and Sub Soil:
- Topsoil is the uppermost layer of soil, while subsoil is the layer beneath it.
- Topsoil is rich in nutrients and organic matter, while subsoil is less fertile and contains less organic matter.
- Topsoil is typically softer and more porous than subsoil, while subsoil is harder and more compact.
- Topsoil is the primary layer for agriculture and gardening, while subsoil is important for its ability to store and transport water.