**Federal Structure in India**

India is a federal country, which means that power is divided between the central government and the state governments. The federal structure of India is enshrined in its Constitution, which provides for a distribution of powers between the central and state governments. This system ensures a balance of power and promotes cooperation between the different levels of government.

**Division of Powers**

The Constitution of India divides powers into three lists:
1. Union List: This list includes subjects on which only the central government can make laws. Some examples include defense, foreign affairs, currency, and atomic energy.
2. State List: This list includes subjects on which only the state governments can make laws. Some examples include police, public order, health, and agriculture.
3. Concurrent List: This list includes subjects on which both the central and state governments can make laws. Some examples include criminal law, bankruptcy and insolvency, marriage and divorce, and education.

**Roles and Responsibilities**

The central government is responsible for matters that affect the entire country, such as defense, foreign affairs, and inter-state trade. It has the power to make laws on subjects in the Union List and Concurrent List. The President of India is the head of the central government.

The state governments have the power to make laws on subjects in the State List and Concurrent List. They are responsible for matters within their respective states, such as maintaining law and order, agriculture, and healthcare. Each state has its own Chief Minister who is the head of the state government.

**Cooperation and Coordination**

To ensure cooperation and coordination between the central and state governments, several mechanisms have been established. These include:

1. Inter-State Council: It is a constitutional body that facilitates coordination and cooperation between the central and state governments. It is headed by the Prime Minister and includes Chief Ministers of all states and Union Territories.
2. Finance Commission: It is a body that determines the sharing of financial resources between the central and state governments. It recommends how tax revenues should be divided between them.
3. Planning Commission: This body was responsible for formulating national development plans and allocating resources. However, it has been replaced by NITI Aayog, which serves a similar function.

**Conclusion**

The federal structure in India ensures a balance of power between the central and state governments. It allows for the efficient governance of a diverse and vast country like India. The division of powers and the mechanisms for cooperation and coordination help in the smooth functioning of the federal system.

The Constitution of India establishes a federal structure to the Indian government, declaring it to be a "Union of States". Part XI of the Indian constitution specifies the distribution of legislative, administrative and executive powers between the union government and the States of India.
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