Unit of Heredity

The unit of heredity is referred to as a gene. It is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait or characteristic that is passed down from one generation to the next. Genes are the basic units of heredity and are responsible for the traits that we inherit from our parents.

What is DNA?

DNA or Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double-stranded molecule that contains the genetic information of an organism. The DNA molecule is made up of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule, a phosphate molecule, and a nitrogenous base. The four nitrogenous bases are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine.

How are Genes Inherited?

Genes are inherited from our parents in the form of chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with one set coming from the mother and one set coming from the father. Each chromosome contains many genes, which are responsible for various traits and characteristics.

Types of Inheritance

There are two types of inheritance: dominant and recessive. Dominant genes are expressed when only one copy of the gene is present, while recessive genes are only expressed when two copies of the gene are present.

Genetic Disorders

Genetic disorders occur when there is a mutation or a change in the DNA sequence of a gene. This can result in the gene not functioning properly, which can lead to various health problems. Some genetic disorders are inherited in a dominant manner, while others are inherited in a recessive manner.

Conclusion

In summary, the unit of heredity is referred to as a gene, which is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait or characteristic. Genes are inherited from our parents in the form of chromosomes and are responsible for the various traits and characteristics that we inherit. Genetic disorders can occur when there is a mutation or a change in the DNA sequence of a gene, which can lead to various health problems.