Background
The last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II, also known as Bahadur Shah Zafar, lived through tumultuous times that marked the decline of the Mughal Empire.
Exile in Rangoon
- After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, he was captured by the British.
- He was exiled to Rangoon (present-day Yangon), Burma in 1858.
- His life in exile was marked by poverty and isolation, a stark contrast to his previous regal lifestyle.
Living Conditions
- Bahadur Shah Zafar lived in a small house with limited resources.
- He had to rely on meager pensions and handouts from the British, which were often insufficient.
- His health deteriorated due to poor living conditions and lack of medical care.
Personal Life
- He faced emotional distress due to separation from his family and loss of his empire.
- Zafar's two sons were executed by the British, adding to his grief.
- He spent his days reminiscing about his past glory and wrote poetry reflecting his sorrow.
Death
- Bahadur Shah Zafar died on November 7, 1862, in exile.
- He was buried in a simple grave in Rangoon, far from the grandeur of his previous life.
- His death marked the end of the Mughal dynasty, which had ruled India for over three centuries.
Legacy
- Despite his tragic end, Zafar is remembered for his contributions to Urdu poetry.
- His life symbolizes the fall of an empire and the struggles of its last ruler.
- The legacy of Bahadur Shah Zafar continues to inspire discussions about colonialism and nationalism in India.

bahadur shaf zafar lived in a jail in ragoon