The material used to make handles of spears and arrows in ancient times varied depending on the available resources and the geographical location of the people. However, the most common materials used for making handles were wood, bone, and antler.

Wood:
- Wood was a popular choice for making spear and arrow handles due to its availability and ease of shaping.
- Different types of wood were used, depending on their strength, durability, and flexibility.
- Hardwoods like ash, oak, and hickory were commonly used as they were strong and could withstand the impact of throwing or thrusting.
- Softwoods like pine were also used, but they were less durable and prone to breaking.

Bone:
- Bone was another material used for making spear and arrow handles, especially by early humans.
- Bones from large animals, such as deer or bison, were commonly used.
- The bones were first cleaned and then shaped into suitable handles.
- Bone handles were lightweight, strong, and provided a good grip.

Antler:
- Antler, which is the bony growth on the heads of deer and other similar animals, was also used for making spear and arrow handles.
- Antler handles were lightweight and had a natural curve, which made them ergonomically suitable for gripping and throwing.
- They were often carved or shaped to enhance their functionality and aesthetics.

Overall, wood, bone, and antler were the primary materials used for making spear and arrow handles in ancient times. These materials were readily available, easy to shape, and provided the necessary strength and durability for hunting and warfare purposes.